Reliability and Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among Korean Adolescents

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Abstract

Objective

The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the most popular scales for evaluating the severity of depression in adolescents as well as adults. The prevalence of depression increases during adolescence, and it has shown a rapid increase with occurrence at an earlier age and a tendency to continue into adulthood. Data from an adolescent nonclinical sample provides us more information related to depressive symptoms as potential risk factors. The current study was designed to two objectives: 1) to analyze the reliability and validity the BDI-II among Korean adolescents and 2) to evaluate the factorial structure in a Korean nonclinical adolescent sample.

Methods

The participants included 1072 adolescent boys and girls. We assessed the internal consistency, corrected item-total correlation, and the convergent validity of the BDI-II. We also performed confirmatory factor analyses to determine the internal structure of the BDI-II for Korean adolescents using Mplus 6.1.

Results

The Cronbach's alpha for the BDI-II total score was 0.89. The correlation between the BDI-II and the PHQ-9 was strong (r=0.75), and anxiety-related measures were 0.68 and 0.71, which were also in the high range. Among the five different factor structures, the modified three-factor model demonstrated the best overall fit.

Conclusion

The BDI-II is a reliable tool for measuring the severity of depressive symptoms in Korean adolescents. Therefore, the findings can provide basic information for examining the prevalence rate, intervention strategies for depression in adolescents.

Related collections

Most cited references 34

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Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review

Yuan-Pang Wang, Clarice Gorenstein (2014)

Objective: To review the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as a self-report measure of depression in a variety of settings and populations. Methods: Relevant studies of the BDI-II were retrieved through a search of electronic databases, a hand search, and contact with authors. Retained studies (k = 118) were allocated into three groups: non-clinical, psychiatric/institutionalized, and medical samples. Results: The internal consistency was described as around 0.9 and the retest reliability ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. The correlation between BDI-II and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I) was high and substantial overlap with measures of depression and anxiety was reported. The criterion-based validity showed good sensitivity and specificity for detecting depression in comparison to the adopted gold standard. However, the cutoff score to screen for depression varied according to the type of sample. Factor analysis showed a robust dimension of general depression composed by two constructs: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative. Conclusions: The BDI-II is a relevant psychometric instrument, showing high reliability, capacity to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed subjects, and improved concurrent, content, and structural validity. Based on available psychometric evidence, the BDI-II can be viewed as a cost-effective questionnaire for measuring the severity of depression, with broad applicability for research and clinical practice worldwide.

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Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I.

B Birmaher, N Ryan, D E Williamson … (1996)

To qualitatively review the literature of the past decade covering the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, natural course, biology, and other correlates of early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymic disorder (DD). A computerized search for articles published during the past 10 years was made and selected studies are presented. Early-onset MDD and DD are frequent, recurrent, and familial disorders that tend to continue into adulthood, and they are frequently accompanied by other psychiatric disorders. These disorders are usually associated with poor psychosocial and academic outcome and increased risk for substance abuse, bipolar disorder, and suicide. In addition, DD increases the risk for MDD. There is a secular increase in the prevalence of MDD, and it appears that MDD is occurring at an earlier age in successive cohorts. Several genetic, familial, demographic, psychosocial, cognitive, and biological correlates of onset and course of early-onset depression have been identified. Few studies, however, have examined the combined effects of these correlates. Considerable advances have been made in our knowledge of early-onset depression. Nevertheless, further research is needed in understanding the pathogenesis of childhood mood disorders. Toward this end, studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms and interrelationships among the different domains of risk factors are needed.

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Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: what changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults?

E. Jane Costello, William B. Copeland, Adrian Angold (2011)

Little is known about changes in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders between childhood and adolescence, and adolescence and adulthood. We reviewed papers reporting prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders separately for childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional papers published in the past 15 years were included. About one adolescent in five has a psychiatric disorder. From childhood to adolescence there is an increase in rates of depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and substance use disorders (SUD), and a decrease in separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). From adolescence to early adulthood there is a further increase in panic disorder, agoraphobia, and SUD, and a further decrease in SAD and ADHD. Other phobias and disruptive behavior disorders also fall. Further study of changes in rates of disorder across developmental stages could inform etiological research and guide interventions. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry © 2011 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Psychiatry Investig

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Psychiatry Investig

Journal ID (publisher-id): PI

Title: Psychiatry Investigation

Publisher: Korean Neuropsychiatric Association

ISSN (Print): 1738-3684

ISSN (Electronic): 1976-3026

Publication date (Print): January 2017

Publication date (Electronic): 29 December 2016

Volume: 14

Issue: 1

Pages: 30-36

Affiliations

[1 ]Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

[2 ]Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

[3 ]Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.

[4 ]Department of Education, Chinju National University of Education, Jinju, Republic of Korea.

Author notes

Correspondence: Ji-Hae Kim, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-2-3410-0931, Fax: +82-2-3410-0050,

^*These authors contributed equally to this work.

Article

DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30

PMC ID: 5240453

PubMed ID: 28096872

SO-VID: efc50440-3224-4dfe-b367-84760fe9427a

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 08 April 2016

Date revision received : 01 August 2016

Date accepted : 30 August 2016

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Reliability and Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among Korean Adolescents

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Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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Most cited references 34

Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review

Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I.

Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: what changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults?

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