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      Agresiones a profesionales del sector sanitario en España, revisión sistemática Translated title: Agression to health care personnel in Spain: a systematic review

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          RESUMEN

          Fundamentos:

          El incremento de la violencia en el ámbito sanitario en los últimos años ha ocasionado importantes consecuencias sobre la salud de los trabajadores agredidos. Se plantea esta revisión sistemática cuyo objetivo fue actualizar y revisar la literatura científica disponible sobre las agresiones a trabajadores del sector sanitario en España.

          Métodos:

          Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre agresiones al personal del sector sanitario. Se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: Scielo, Cuidatge, Medline, Cuiden, Scopus, Dialnet, Ibecs, Sciencedirect, Medes, Enfispo, Ibecs, Lilacs, Índices CSIC y Embase. Se incluyeron todos los artículos originales hasta abril de 2019, publicados en inglés o español.

          Resultados:

          Se incluyeron 23 estudios. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos fue buena. Las agresiones que se producen tienden a seguir un mismo patrón. Fueron mayormente agresiones verbales, acompañadas en numerosas ocasiones de amenazas. Los pacientes fueron los principales agresores, ejerciendo violencia fundamentalmente hacia médicos y profesionales de enfermería. Las principales causas se debieron a los tiempos de espera y a las demoras, pero pocas veces los hechos fueron denunciados o registrados.

          Conclusiones:

          Se observa un incremento en la magnitud del fenómeno en los últimos años. En la mayoría de los casos los agresores son hombres, pero en cambio los profesionales agredidos son mayormente mujeres. La variabilidad en los registros de notificaciones de agresiones y en los cuestionarios utilizados en los diferentes estudios, así como la subjetividad e interpretación de estos hechos, dificulta la comparación entre ellos.

          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          The increase in violence in the health sector in recent years has had important consequences on the health of workers who have been attacked. This systematic review is proposed, whose objective was to update and systematically review the available scientific literature on the aggressions against workers in the health sector in Spain.

          Methods:

          A systematic review of the literature on aggressions to the health care personnel was carried out. The following database were searched: Scielo, Cuidatge, Medline, Cuiden, Scopus, Dialnet, Ibecs, Sciencedirect, Medes, Enfispo, Ibecs, Lilacs, CSIC and Embase databases. All original articles were included until April 2019, published in English or Spanish.

          Results:

          Twenty-three studies were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was good. The aggression that occur tend to follow the same pattern; they are mostly verbal and psychological aggressions, often accompanied by threats. Patients are the main aggressors, to normally doctors and nurses. The main causes are waiting times and delays, rarely the facts are reported or recorded.

          Conclusions:

          There is an increase in the magnitude of the phenomenon in recent years, in most cases the aggressors are men, whereas the aggressed professionals are mostly women. The variability in the records of aggression notifications and in the questionnaires used in the different studies, as well as the subjectivity and interpretation of these facts, make comparison between them difficult.

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          Most cited references41

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          Workplace violence against nurses in Chinese hospitals: a cross-sectional survey

          Objectives To determine the prevalence of workplace violence that Chinese nurses have encountered, identify risk factors and provide a basis for future targeted interventions. Setting Heilongjiang, a province in northeast China. Methods A cross-sectional survey. Participants A total of 588 nurses provided data. There were also in-depth interviews with 12 nurses, 7 hospital administrators and 6 health officials. Results A total of 7.8% of the nurses reported physically violent experiences and 71.9% reported non-physically violent experiences in the preceding year. Perpetrators were patients or their relatives (93.5% and 82%, respectively), and 24% of nurses experienced non-physical violence that involved Yi Nao (gangs specifically targeting hospitals). Inexperienced nurses were more likely to report physical (13.2%) or non-physical (89.5%) violence compared with experienced nurses. Graduate-level nurses were more likely to perceive and report non-physical violence (84.6%). Nurses who worked rotating shifts were 3.668 times (95% CI 1.275 to 10.554) more likely to experience physical violence, and 1.771 times (95% CI 1.123 to 2.792) more likely to experience non-physical violence compared with nurses who worked fixed day shifts. Higher anxiety levels about workplace violence and work types were associated with violence. Interviewees perceived financial burdens, unsatisfactory treatment outcomes and miscommunications as influencing factors for workplace violence. Conclusions Preplacement education should focus on high-risk groups to reduce workplace violence. Increased awareness from the public and policymakers is necessary to develop effective control strategies at individual, hospital and national levels.
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            Violence towards health care workers in a Public Health Care Facility in Italy: a repeated cross-sectional study

            Background Violence at work is one of the major concerns in health care activities. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of physical and non-physical violence in a general health care facility in Italy and to assess the relationship between violence and psychosocial factors, thereby providing a basis for appropriate intervention. Methods All health care workers from a public health care facility were invited to complete a questionnaire containing questions on workplace violence. Three questionnaire-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted. The response rate was 75 % in 2005, 71 % in 2007, and 94 % in 2009. The 2009 questionnaire contained the VIF (Violent Incident Form) for reporting violent incidents, the DCS (demand/control/support) model for job strain, the Colquitt 20 item questionnaire for perceived organizational justice, and the GHQ-12 General Health Questionnaire for the assessment of mental health. Results One out of ten workers reported physical assault, and one out of three exposure to non-physical violence in the workplace in the previous year. Nurses and physicians were the most exposed occupational categories, whereas the psychiatric and emergency departments were the services at greatest risk of violence. Workers exposed to non-physical violence were subject to high job strain, low support, low perceived organizational justice, and high psychological distress. Conclusion Our study shows that health care workers in an Italian local health care facility are exposed to violence. Workplace violence was associated with high demand and psychological disorders, while job control, social support and organizational justice were protective factors.
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              The role of aggressions suffered by healthcare workers as predictors of burnout.

              To examine the prevalence of aggression against healthcare professionals and to determine the possible impact that violent episodes have on healthcare professionals in terms of loss of enthusiasm and involvement towards work. The objective was to analyse the percentage of occupational assault against professionals' aggression in different types of healthcare services, differentiating between physical and verbal aggression as a possible variable in detecting burnout in doctors and nursing professionals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                07 September 2020
                Jan-Dec 2019
                : 93
                : e201910097
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalHospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa. Zaragoza. España. orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa Zaragoza, España
                [2 ] originalDepartamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Zaragoza. Grupo de investigación de Referencia Agua y Salud Ambiental (T51_17R). Zaragoza. España orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería. Grupo de investigación de Referencia Agua y Salud Ambiental Zaragoza, España
                [3 ] originalDepartamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza. España. orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería Zaragoza, España
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: María Isabel Serrano Vicente. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Domingo Miral, s/n. 50009 Zaragoza, España. mserranovicente@ 123456hotmail.com

                Los autores declaran que no existe ningún conflicto de interés.

                Article
                e201910097
                11582898
                31576815
                efd831ef-4a8a-4a96-af32-c24abe6e0444

                This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You are free to Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) under the following terms: Attribution (You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use); NonCommercial (You may not use the material for commercial purposes); NoDerivatives (If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material); No additional restrictions (You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits).

                History
                : 06 June 2019
                : 17 September 2019
                : 02 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 35
                Categories
                Revisiones

                violencia laboral,agresión,personal sanitario,españa,workplace violence,aggression,health care personnel,spain

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