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      Role of water flow regime in the swimming behaviour and escape performance of a schooling fish

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          ABSTRACT

          Animals are exposed to variable and rapidly changing environmental flow conditions, such as wind in terrestrial habitats and currents in aquatic systems. For fishes, previous work suggests that individuals exhibit flow-induced changes in aerobic swimming performance. Yet, no one has examined whether similar plasticity is found in fast-start escape responses, which are modulated by anaerobic swimming performance, sensory stimuli and neural control. In this study, we used fish from wild schools of the tropical damselfish Chromis viridis from shallow reefs surrounding Lizard Island in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The flow regime at each site was measured to ascertain differences in mean water flow speed and its temporal variability. Swimming and escape behaviour in fish schools were video-recorded in a laminar-flow swim tunnel. Though each school's swimming behaviour (i.e. alignment and cohesion) was not associated with local flow conditions, traits linked with fast-start performance (particularly turning rate and the distance travelled with the response) were significantly greater in individuals from high-flow habitats. This stronger performance may occur due to a number of mechanisms, such as an i n s itu training effect or greater selection pressure for faster performance phenotypes in areas with high flow speed.

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          Summary: Fish exhibit flow-induced changes in their fast-start escape performance, likely due to an i n s itu training effect and/or selection for faster performance phenotypes in areas with high flow speed.

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          Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing

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            The Natural Flow Regime

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              Phenotypic Plasticity and the Origins of Diversity

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biol Open
                Biol Open
                BIO
                biolopen
                Biology Open
                The Company of Biologists Ltd
                2046-6390
                15 October 2018
                20 September 2018
                20 September 2018
                : 7
                : 10
                : bio031997
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
                [2 ]Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
                [3 ]Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
                [4 ]CNR-IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Localita Sa Mardini , Torregrande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
                Author notes
                [*]

                Present address: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

                []Author for correspondence ( lauren.e.nadler@ 123456gmail.com )
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8225-8344
                Article
                BIO031997
                10.1242/bio.031997
                6215405
                30237289
                efd8d607-5edc-475a-b80d-0578f3b59c9a
                © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

                History
                : 15 December 2017
                : 3 September 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: James Cook University, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001792;
                Funded by: Natural Environment Research Council, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270;
                Award ID: NE/J019100/1
                Funded by: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies;
                Categories
                Research Article

                Life sciences
                schooling behaviour,fast-start behaviour,anaerobic capacity,habitat,escape response,plasticity

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