12
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Reanimación con control de daños en el trauma grave pediátrico Translated title: Damage control resuscitation in pediatric severe trauma

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen: Introducción: El trauma es una importante causa de morbimortalidad en la población pediátrica, alcanzando el primer lugar en mortalidad en nuestro país, sin considerar las patologías perinatales y las malformaciones congénitas. Un porcentaje importante de las muertes precoces y tardías secunda rias a esta causa, así como sus secuelas, podrían prevenirse con una óptima y oportuna reanimación. Objetivos: Revisar -a la luz de la evidencia existente- la atingencia de la reanimación con control de daños (RCD) en el trauma pediátrico grave, con énfasis en el manejo médico. Material y Métodos: Se usó la base de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library y Google académico, empleando como términos de búsqueda (MeSH): trauma, politrauma, reanimación, control de daños, líquidos de reanimación, hipotensión permisiva, coagulopatía, transfusión masiva y niños. Resultados: El concepto de RCD puede ser aplicado en el trauma grave en niños, teniendo en cuenta sus particularidades anatomo-fisiológicas. El principio se basa en el manejo de la tríada letal (coagulopatía, acidosis e hipotermia) asociado a una cirugía con control de daños. En este contexto se analiza la limitación de cristaloides, la hipotensión permisiva y la reanimación hemostática en el manejo inicial del trauma pediátrico gra ve. Conclusiones: Estudios futuros deberán establecer el verdadero rol de la hipotensión permisiva, la relación óptima de hemoderivados a transfundir y la mejor estrategia para predecir la activación de protocolos de transfusión masiva y su impacto en niños con trauma grave.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Introduction: Trauma is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. It has the first place in mortality in our country without considering perinatal pathologies and congenital malformations. An important percentage of early and late deaths secondary to this cau se, as well as its sequelae, could be prevented with optimal and timely resuscitation. Objective: To review the applicability of damage control resuscitation (DCR) in severe pediatric trauma, with emphasis on medical management. Material and Methods: The PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the Google academic database were used. Search terms (MeSH) were: trauma, polytrauma, resuscitation, damage-control, fluids, permissive hypotension, coagulopathy, massive transfusion and children. Results: The concept of DCR can be applied to severe pediatric trauma, taking into account their anatomical and physiological characteristics. The principle is based on the management of the lethal triad (coagulopathy, acidosis and hypothermia) associated with damage control surgery. Limitation of crystalloids, permissive hypotension and hemostatic resuscitation are reviewed in the initial treatment of severe pediatric trauma. Conclusion: Future studies should establish the true role of permissive hypotension, the optimal relationship between blood products and the best strategy to predict the activation of massive transfusion protocols and their impact on children with severe trauma.

          Related collections

          Most cited references53

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Pathophysiology of polytrauma.

          Immediate and early trauma deaths are determined by primary brain injuries, or significant blood loss (haemorrhagic shock), while late mortality is caused by secondary brain injuries and host defence failure. First hits (hypoxia, hypotension, organ and soft tissue injuries, fractures), as well as second hits (e.g. ischaemia/reperfusion injuries, compartment syndromes, operative interventions, infections), induce a host defence response. This is characterized by local and systemic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, arachidonic acid metabolites, proteins of the contact phase and coagulation systems, complement factors and acute phase proteins, as well as hormonal mediators: it is defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), according to clinical parameters. However, in parallel, anti-inflammatory mediators are produced (compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS). An imbalance of these dual immune responses seems to be responsible for organ dysfunction and increased susceptibility to infections. Endothelial cell damage, accumulation of leukocytes, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and microcirculatory disturbances lead finally to apoptosis and necrosis of parenchymal cells, with the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), or multiple organ failure (MOF). Whereas most clinical trials with anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, or antioxidant strategies failed, the implementation of pre- and in-hospital trauma protocols and the principle of damage control procedures have reduced post-traumatic complications. However, the development of immunomonitoring will help in the selection of patients at risk of post-traumatic complications and, thereby, the choice of the most appropriate treatment protocols for severely injured patients.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The coagulopathy of trauma: a review of mechanisms.

            Bleeding is the most frequent cause of preventable death after severe injury. Coagulopathy associated with severe injury complicates the control of bleeding and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. The causes and mechanisms are multiple and yet to be clearly defined. Articles addressing the causes and consequences of trauma-associated coagulopathy were identified and reviewed. Clinical situations in which the various mechanistic causes are important were sought along with quantitative estimates of their importance. Coagulopathy associated with traumatic injury is the result of multiple independent but interacting mechanisms. Early coagulopathy is driven by shock and requires thrombin generation from tissue injury as an initiator. Initiation of coagulation occurs with activation of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways. This Acute Coagulopathy of Trauma-Shock is altered by subsequent events and medical therapies, in particular acidemia, hypothermia, and dilution. There is significant interplay between all mechanisms. There is limited understanding of the mechanisms by which tissue trauma, shock, and inflammation initiate trauma coagulopathy. Acute Coagulopathy of Trauma-Shock should be considered distinct from disseminated intravascular coagulation as described in other conditions. Rapid diagnosis and directed interventions are important areas for future research.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Out-of-hospital hypertonic resuscitation after traumatic hypovolemic shock: a randomized, placebo controlled trial.

              To determine whether out-of-hospital administration of hypertonic fluids would improve survival after severe injury with hemorrhagic shock. Hypertonic fluids have potential benefit in the resuscitation of severely injured patients because of rapid restoration of tissue perfusion, with a smaller volume, and modulation of the inflammatory response, to reduce subsequent organ injury. Multicenter, randomized, blinded clinical trial, May 2006 to August 2008, 114 emergency medical services agencies in North America within the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium. injured patients, age ≥ 15 years with hypovolemic shock (systolic blood pressure ≤ 70 mm Hg or systolic blood pressure 71-90 mm Hg with heart rate ≥ 108 beats per minute). Initial resuscitation fluid, 250 mL of either 7.5% saline per 6% dextran 70 (hypertonic saline/dextran, HSD), 7.5% saline (hypertonic saline, HS), or 0.9% saline (normal saline, NS) administered by out-of-hospital providers. Primary outcome was 28-day survival. On the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board, the study was stopped early (23% of proposed sample size) for futility and potential safety concern.  : A total of 853 treated patients were enrolled, among whom 62% were with blunt trauma, 38% with penetrating. There was no difference in 28-day survival-HSD: 74.5% (0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.5 to 7.8); HS: 73.0% (-1.4; 95% CI, -8.7-6.0); and NS: 74.4%, P = 0.91. There was a higher mortality for the postrandomization subgroup of patients who did not receive blood transfusions in the first 24 hours, who received hypertonic fluids compared to NS [28-day mortality-HSD: 10% (5.2; 95% CI, 0.4-10.1); HS: 12.2% (7.4; 95% CI, 2.5-12.2); and NS: 4.8%, P < 0.01]. Among injured patients with hypovolemic shock, initial resuscitation fluid treatment with either HS or HSD compared with NS, did not result in superior 28-day survival. However, interpretation of these findings is limited by the early stopping of the trial. Clinical Trials.gov, NCT00316017.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcp
                Revista chilena de pediatría
                Rev. chil. pediatr.
                Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (Santiago, , Chile )
                0370-4106
                February 2018
                : 89
                : 1
                : 118-127
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameComplejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río orgdiv1Unidad de Paciente Crítico Pediátrico Chile awegnera@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0370-41062018000100118
                eff87f4a-d0c5-4abc-bca1-156430447283

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 August 2017
                : 27 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Trauma,reanimación con control de daños,coagulopatía,niños,damage control resuscitation,coagulopathy,children

                Comments

                Comment on this article