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      Evaluation of Salivary Glucose, IgA and Flow Rate in Diabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          An association between diabetes mellitus and alterations in the oral cavity has been noted. In this study, we evaluated differences between salivary IgA, glucose and flow rate in diabetic patients compared with healthy controls.

          Materials and Methods:

          Forty patients with type 1 diabetes, 40 patients with type 2 diabetes and 40 healthy controls were selected. Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected by the standard method and the salivary flow rate was determined. Nephelometric and Pars method were used to measure salivary IgA and salivary glucose concentrations, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square and t test.

          Results:

          There were no significant differences in salivary IgA and glucose concentrations between type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and their matched control subjects (P>0.05). Salivary flow rate was significantly lower in diabetic patients (P<0.05). In addition, DMFT was higher in diabetic patients than the controls.

          Conclusion:

          Determination of salivary constituents may be useful in the description and management of oral findings in diabetic patients.

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          Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

          (2002)
          Article 0 comments Cited 567 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The diagnostic applications of saliva--a review.

            Ira Lamster, Eliaz Kaufman (2001)
            This review examines the diagnostic application of saliva for systemic diseases. As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers distinctive advantages over serum because it can be collected non-invasively by individuals with modest training. Furthermore, saliva may provide a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations. Gland-specific saliva can be used for diagnosis of pathology specific to one of the major salivary glands. Whole saliva, however, is most frequently used for diagnosis of systemic diseases, since it is readily collected and contains serum constituents. These constituents are derived from the local vasculature of the salivary glands and also reach the oral cavity via the flow of gingival fluid. Analysis of saliva may be useful for the diagnosis of hereditary disorders, autoimmune diseases, malignant and infectious diseases, and endocrine disorders, as well as in the assessment of therapeutic levels of drugs and the monitoring of illicit drug use.
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              Structural and functional salivary disorders in type 2 diabetic patients.

              Nezly Mosquera-Lloreda, Carmen Carda-Batalla, Amando Peydró … (2006)
              Diabetes mellitus type 2 is the most common metabolic disorder and it causes an important morbimortality. The structural modifications in the parotid gland (sialosis) had already been described in these patients and could result in variations in the salivary composition, as well as an increase in periodontal and dental pathology. To compare the biochemical findings in the saliva and to correlate these biochemical disturbances with the morphologic findings previously described. Clinical information were gathered about 33 patients, 17 had type 2 diabetes. Samples of whole saliva were obtained for biochemical analysis and serum samples to determine metabolic control. In the diabetics saliva we found urea and total proteins increased and reduced levels of microalbumina. Salivary glucose was only augmented in patients with poor metabolic control. Clinical symptoms of xerostomia were present in 76,4% and dental and periodontal disease in 100%. The parotid gland was characterised by the presence of small acini, lipid intracytoplasmic droplets, as well as adipose stroma infiltration. The acinar cytoqueratins expression was heterogeneous and very positive in the hyperplasic ducts. These biochemical disorders in the saliva of the type 2 diabetic patients would be related with the structural changes previously observed in parotid glands.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Dent (Tehran)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JDT
                Title: Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran)
                Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1735-2150
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2185
                Publication date Collection: 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 March 2010
                Publication date (Print): Winter 2010
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 13-18
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
                [3 ]Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
                [4 ]Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
                Author notes
                [✉ ]Corresponding author: M. Vahedi, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. vahedi_md@ 123456yhaoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: jod-7-013
                PMC ID: 3184719
                PubMed ID: 21998770
                SO-VID: f009f791-4ba1-4109-a3e1-e3f65bff799c
                Copyright © Copyright © Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 License (CC BY-NC 3.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

                History
                Date received : 20 January 2009
                Date accepted : 20 May 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: diabetes mellitus,glucose,saliva,immunoglobulin a
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: diabetes mellitus, glucose, saliva, immunoglobulin a

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