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      miRNA-34a enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to treatment with paclitaxel by targeting E2F5

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      Oncology Letters
      Spandidos Publications

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d2095691e141">Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of malignant cancer worldwide, however improvements are required to the current therapies for GC. Although paclitaxel is one of the most promising chemotherapeutic agents in clinical use for GC, the resistance to paclitaxel that develops during treatment is a major obstacle to further treatments of GC. The present study reports that micro (mi) RNA-34a, a tumor suppressor in various types of cancer, may be an important regulator of chemoresistance in GC, as miRNA-34a mimics and inhibitors, enhance and inhibit the chemotherapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel, respectively. In addition, the present study identified that E2F transcription factor 5 (E2F5), a key oncogenic protein, is the direct target candidate of miRNA-34a. Previous studies have demonstrated that the inhibition of E2F5 by specific E2F5 small interfering RNA also increases the sensitivity of GC cells to paclitaxel. In conclusion, the present data suggest that miRNA-34a enhances the treatment of sensitive GC cells to paclitaxel by targeting E2F5. Therefore, the miRNA-34a/E2F5 axis appears to be a potential promising therapeutic target for overcoming the chemotherapeutic resistance of GC. </p>

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          Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.

          The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantification and relative quantification. Absolute quantification determines the input copy number, usually by relating the PCR signal to a standard curve. Relative quantification relates the PCR signal of the target transcript in a treatment group to that of another sample such as an untreated control. The 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method is a convenient way to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from real-time quantitative PCR experiments. The purpose of this report is to present the derivation, assumptions, and applications of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. In addition, we present the derivation and applications of two variations of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method that may be useful in the analysis of real-time, quantitative PCR data. Copyright 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).
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            MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function.

            MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 22 nt RNAs that can play important regulatory roles in animals and plants by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.
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              Is Open Access

              Exosome and Exosomal MicroRNA: Trafficking, Sorting, and Function

              Exosomes are 40–100 nm nano-sized vesicles that are released from many cell types into the extracellular space. Such vesicles are widely distributed in various body fluids. Recently, mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in exosomes, which can be taken up by neighboring or distant cells and subsequently modulate recipient cells. This suggests an active sorting mechanism of exosomal miRNAs, since the miRNA profiles of exosomes may differ from those of the parent cells. Exosomal miRNAs play an important role in disease progression, and can stimulate angiogenesis and facilitate metastasis in cancers. In this review, we will introduce the origin and the trafficking of exosomes between cells, display current research on the sorting mechanism of exosomal miRNAs, and briefly describe how exosomes and their miRNAs function in recipient cells. Finally, we will discuss the potential applications of these miRNA-containing vesicles in clinical settings.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Oncology Letters
                Spandidos Publications
                1792-1074
                1792-1082
                June 2017
                April 18 2017
                April 18 2017
                June 2017
                April 18 2017
                April 18 2017
                : 13
                : 6
                : 4837-4842
                Article
                10.3892/ol.2017.6041
                5452957
                28599485
                f022541e-693b-4597-ae27-f36ad90189d4
                © 2017
                History

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