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      Heterotopic pregnancy in HIV women

      case-report
      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: SAGE Open Medical Case Reports
      Publisher: SAGE Publications
      Keywords: HIV, heterotopic pregnancy

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          Abstract

          Heterotopic pregnancy occurs when intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy are concomitant; overall rate rises from 1/30.000 to 1.5/1000 in assisted reproductive technology pregnancies. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) patients are at increased risk of heterotopic pregnancies due to the greater frequency of assisted reproductive technology and pelvic inflammatory disease. We report the first case of heterotopic pregnancy in HIV woman.

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          Heterotopic pregnancy after ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technologies: a literature review from 1971 to 1993.

          Marcia Gordon, S Haddad, J Tal … (1996)
          To review and analyze records on heterotopic pregnancy occurring after ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technologies. Case reports in the English literature related to the topic were identified through a computerized bibliography search up to December 1993. The incidence of heterotopic pregnancies increased in recent years because of the escalating use of new reproductive technologies in infertile patients and has stabilized at approximately 1:100 pregnancies with these procedures. The main reasons for development of such a condition in these patients are past tubal or pelvic disease and multiple ovulations or multiple ET. Progress has been made in diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy during the last two decades, mainly because of development of ultrasonographic techniques, especially transvaginal ultrasonography. Treatment of heterotopic pregnancy should be prompt to avoid maternal morbidity and mortality from extensive intraperitoneal bleeding. No increased intrauterine fetal mortality due to hemoperitoneum has been proven in the present review, except in advanced cornual pregnancies. More experience is needed for application of new treatment modalities such as salpingocentesis, which are used successfully for ectopic pregnancy, in treatment of heterotopic pregnancy. With early diagnosis and skillful treatment, the outcome of the intrauterine pregnancy is favorable and its survival rate should increase in the future.
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            Ectopic pregnancy risk with assisted reproductive technology procedures.

            Laurence B. Peterson, Teri Reynolds, Catherine Clayton … (2006)
            To assess the ectopic pregnancy risk among women who conceived with assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. The ectopic rate for ART pregnancies was calculated from population-based data of pregnancies conceived with ART in U.S. clinics in 1999-2001. Variation in ectopic risk by patient and ART treatment factors was assessed by using bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression. Of 94,118 ART pregnancies, 2,009 (2.1%) were ectopic. Variation was observed by procedure type. In comparison with the ectopic rate (2.2%) among pregnancies conceived with in vitro fertilization and transcervical transfer of freshly fertilized embryos from the patient's oocytes (fresh, nondonor IVF-ET), the ectopic rate was significantly increased when zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) was used (3.6%) and significantly decreased when donor oocytes were used (1.4%) or when a gestational surrogate carried the pregnancy (0.9%). Among fresh nondonor IVF-ET procedures, the risk for ectopic pregnancy was increased among women with tubal factor infertility (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-2.4; referent group = ART for male factor), endometriosis (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6), and other nontubal female factors of infertility (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6) and decreased among women with a previous live birth (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7). Transfer of embryos with an indication of high implantation potential was associated with a decreased ectopic risk when 2 or fewer embryos were transferred (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9), but not when 3 or more embryos were transferred. Ectopic risk among ART pregnancies varied according to ART procedure type, reproductive health characteristics of the woman carrying the pregnancy, and estimated embryo implantation potential. II-2.
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              Ectopic pregnancy--United States, 1990-1992.

              (1995)
              Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of pregnancy-related death during the first trimester (1). Women who have one ectopic pregnancy are at increased risk for another such pregnancy and for future infertility (2). In the United States, the reported number of hospitalizations for ectopic pregnancy increased from 17,800 in 1970 to 88,400 in 1989 (1). This report summarizes trends in hospitalizations for ectopic pregnancy in the United States during 1990-1992 and presents the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in 1992, based on aggregated inpatient and outpatient data.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): SAGE Open Med Case Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): SAGE Open Med Case Rep
                Journal ID (publisher-id): SCO
                Journal ID (hwp): spsco
                Title: SAGE Open Medical Case Reports
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2050-313X
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 November 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2050313X16679534
                Affiliations
                [1-2050313X16679534]Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco – Hospital ‘L. Sacco’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
                Author notes
                [*]Valeria Savasi, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco – Hospital ‘L. Sacco’, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy. Email: valeria.savasi@ 123456unimi.it
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_2050313X16679534
                DOI: 10.1177/2050313X16679534
                PMC ID: 5131807
                SO-VID: f025b43a-d24f-46fd-95e4-7408b21afe6d
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2016
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 28 April 2016
                Date accepted : 28 September 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report
                Custom metadata
                cover-date January-December 2016

                Keywords: hiv,heterotopic pregnancy
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hiv, heterotopic pregnancy

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