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      Quality of life of treatment-seeking transgender adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          The study aims to systematically extract and analyse data about Quality of Life (QoL) in the transgender population. A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases, up to July 2017. Only English language quantitative studies, in adults, which reported the means for validated QoL measures were included. Random-effect meta-analysis was adopted to pool data and estimate the 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). From 94 potentially relevant articles, 29 studies were included within the review and data extraction for meta-analysis was available in 14 studies. The majority of the studies were cross-sectional, lacked controls and displayed moderate risk of bias. Findings from the systematic review suggested that transgender people display poor QoL, independent of the domain investigated. Pooling across studies showed that transgender people report poorer mental health QoL compared to the general population (−0.78, 95% CI = −1.08 to −0.48, 14 studies). However, meta-analysis in a subgroup of studies looking at QoL in participants who were exclusively post-CHT found no difference in mental health QoL between groups (−0.42, 95% CI = −1.15 to 0.31; 7 studies). There was insufficient data for a pre-treatment subgroup. Evidence suggests that transgender people have lower QoL than the general population. Some evidence suggests that QoL improves post-treatment. Better quality studies that include clearly defined transgender populations, divided by stage of gender affirming treatment and with appropriate matched control groups are needed to draw firmer conclusions.

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          Most cited references70

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          Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7

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            A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students.

            Depression is a common health problem, ranking third after cardiac and respiratory diseases as a major cause of disability. There is evidence to suggest that university students are at higher risk of depression, despite being a socially advantaged population, but the reported rates have shown wide variability across settings. To explore the prevalence of depression in university students. PubMed, PsycINFO, BioMed Central and Medline were searched to identify studies published between 1990 and 2010 reporting on depression prevalence among university students. Searches used a combination of the terms depression, depressive symptoms, depressive disorders, prevalence, university students, college students, undergraduate students, adolescents and/or young adults. Studies were evaluated with a quality rating. Twenty-four articles were identified that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Reported prevalence rates ranged from 10% to 85% with a weighted mean prevalence of 30.6%. The results suggest that university students experience rates of depression that are substantially higher than those found in the general population. Study quality has not improved since 1990. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions.

              Transgender people in the United States experience widespread prejudice, discrimination, violence, and other forms of stigma.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                cris.glazebrook@nottingham.ac.uk
                Journal
                Rev Endocr Metab Disord
                Rev Endocr Metab Disord
                Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
                Springer US (New York )
                1389-9155
                1573-2606
                18 August 2018
                18 August 2018
                2018
                : 19
                : 3
                : 199-220
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8868, GRID grid.4563.4, Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, , University of Nottingham, ; Room B12, B Floor, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU UK
                [2 ]Nottingham National Centre for Transgender Health, Nottingham, UK
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-0749
                Article
                9459
                10.1007/s11154-018-9459-y
                6223813
                30121881
                f030bf38-a48f-4b06-94aa-9bf28dd366c6
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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                Funding
                Funded by: University of Nottingham
                Categories
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                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018

                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                transgender,quality of life,mental health quality of life,sex-related quality of life,voice-related quality of life,body image-related quality of life

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