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      Ecological stability in response to warming

      Author(s): , , , ,
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      Journal: Nature Climate Change
      Publisher: Springer Nature

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          Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change

          Camille Parmesan (2006)
          Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are heavily biased in the directions predicted from global warming and have been linked to local or regional climate change through correlations between climate and biological variation, field and laboratory experiments, and physiological research. Range-restricted species, particularly polar and mountaintop species, show severe range contractions and have been the first groups in which entire species have gone extinct due to recent climate change. Tropical coral reefs and amphibians have been most negatively affected. Predator-prey and plant-insect interactions have been disrupted when interacting species have responded differently to warming. Evolutionary adaptations to warmer conditions have occurred in the interiors of species' ranges, and resource use and dispersal have evolved rapidly at expanding range margins. Observed genetic shifts modulate local effects of climate change, but there is little evidence that they will mitigate negative effects at the species level.
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            Climate change affects marine fishes through the oxygen limitation of thermal tolerance.

            Hans Pörtner, Rainer Knust (2007)
            A cause-and-effect understanding of climate influences on ecosystems requires evaluation of thermal limits of member species and of their ability to cope with changing temperatures. Laboratory data available for marine fish and invertebrates from various climatic regions led to the hypothesis that, as a unifying principle, a mismatch between the demand for oxygen and the capacity of oxygen supply to tissues is the first mechanism to restrict whole-animal tolerance to thermal extremes. We show in the eelpout, Zoarces viviparus, a bioindicator fish species for environmental monitoring from North and Baltic Seas (Helcom), that thermally limited oxygen delivery closely matches environmental temperatures beyond which growth performance and abundance decrease. Decrements in aerobic performance in warming seas will thus be the first process to cause extinction or relocation to cooler waters.
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              Paradox of enrichment: destabilization of exploitation ecosystems in ecological time.

              M Rosenzweig (1971)
              Six reasonable models of trophic exploitation in a two-species ecosystem whose exploiters compete only by depleting each other's resource supply are presented. In each case, increasing the supply of limiting nutrients or energy tends to destroy the steady state. Thus man must be very careful in attempting to enrich an ecosystem in order to increase its food yield. There is a real chance that such activity may result in decimation of the food species that are wanted in greater abundance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Nature Climate Change
                Abbreviated Title: Nature Climate change
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Print): 1758-678X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1758-6798
                Publication date Created: February 26 2014
                Publication date (Print): February 26 2014
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 206-210
                Article
                DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2134
                SO-VID: f03cb06a-5556-4d00-a269-c573af472b02
                Copyright © © 2014
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