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      The genetics of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome Translated title: Genetik des atypischen hämolytisch-urämischen Syndroms

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          Abstract

          Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia due to endothelial injury. aHUS is felt to be caused by defective complement regulation due to underlying genetic mutations in complement regulators or activators, most often of the alternative pathway. Mutations causing aHUS can be subdivided into two groups, loss of function mutations (affecting factor H, factor H-related proteins, membrane co-factor protein, and factor I), and gain of function mutations (affecting factor B and C3). As more information becomes available on the relationship between specific mutations and clinical outcome, complete genetic workup of aHUS patients becomes more and more important.

          In this review, we will discuss the genetic background of aHUS, the role of complement for aHUS pathogenesis, and the different groups of specific mutations known to be involved in the pathogenesis of aHUS.

          Zusammenfassung

          Das atypische hämolytisch-urämische Syndrom (aHUS) ist durch Thrombozytopenie und mikroangiopathische hämolytische Anämie im Kontext einer Endothelzellschädigung charakterisiert. Die Ursache des aHUS ist ein Defekt in der Regulation des Komplementsystems, der durch genetische Mutationen von Komplementregulatoren oder -aktivatoren meist im Bereich des alternativen Wegs verursacht wird. Krankheitsverursachende Mutationen können in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: „loss of function“ (Komplementregulatoren Factor H, Factor H related proteins, Membrane-cofactor-protein und Factor I) und „gain of function“ Mutationen (Komplementaktivatoren Factor B und C3). Die enge Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit einer vollständigen genetischen Diagnostik.

          Im vorliegenden Review werden die Bedeutung des Komplementsystems und der spezifischen genetischen Ursachen, die für die Pathogenese des aHUS relevant sind, diskutiert.

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          Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

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            Syndromes of thrombotic microangiopathy.

            This review article covers the diverse pathophysiological pathways that can lead to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and a procoagulant state with or without damage to the kidneys and other organs.
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              Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy: conclusions from a "Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes" (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.

              In both atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) complement plays a primary role in disease pathogenesis. Herein we report the outcome of a 2015 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference where key issues in the management of these 2 diseases were considered by a global panel of experts. Areas addressed included renal pathology, clinical phenotype and assessment, genetic drivers of disease, acquired drivers of disease, and treatment strategies. In order to help guide clinicians who are caring for such patients, recommendations for best treatment strategies were discussed at length, providing the evidence base underpinning current treatment options. Knowledge gaps were identified and a prioritized research agenda was proposed to resolve outstanding controversial issues.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                christoph.licht@sickkids.ca
                Journal
                Med Genet
                Med. Genet
                Medizinische Genetik
                Springer Medizin (Munich )
                0936-5931
                1863-5490
                21 December 2018
                21 December 2018
                2018
                : 30
                : 4
                : 400-409
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0444 9382, GRID grid.10417.33, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, , Radboudumc, ; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0473 9646, GRID grid.42327.30, Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, , The Hospital for Sick Children, ; Toronto, ON, Canada
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8853 2677, GRID grid.5361.1, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, , Medical University of Innsbruck, ; Innsbruck, Austria
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7884, GRID grid.5596.f, Department of Development and Regeneration, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, , KU Leuven, ; Leuven, Belgium
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0473 9646, GRID grid.42327.30, Division of Nephrology, , The Hospital for Sick Children, ; Toronto, ON, Canada
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2157 2938, GRID grid.17063.33, Department of Pediatrics, , University of Toronto, ; Toronto, ON, Canada
                Article
                216
                10.1007/s11825-018-0216-0
                6404389
                30930551
                f04911f2-0b55-4509-8da0-af7f16e68e97
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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                Schwerpunktthema: Erbliche Nierenerkrankungen
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                © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2018

                alternative complement pathway,complement system,endothelium,microangiopathic hemolytic anemia,thrombotic microangiopathy,alternativer komplementweg,komplementsystem,endothel,mikroangiopathische haemolytische anaemie,thrombotische mikroangiopathie

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