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      Interactive numerals

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          Abstract

          Although Arabic numerals (like ‘2016’ and ‘3.14’) are ubiquitous, we show that in interactive computer applications they are often misleading and surprisingly unreliable. We introduce interactive numerals as a new concept and show, like Roman numerals and Arabic numerals, interactive numerals introduce another way of using and thinking about numbers. Properly understanding interactive numerals is essential for all computer applications that involve numerical data entered by users, including finance, medicine, aviation and science.

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          Most cited references21

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          Human Error

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            Standard drug concentrations and smart-pump technology reduce continuous-medication-infusion errors in pediatric patients.

            To determine if combining standard drug concentrations with "smart-pump" technology reduces reported medication-infusion errors. Preintervention and postintervention comparison of reported medication errors related to infusion therapies during the calendar years 2002 and 2003. A 242-bed university-affiliated tertiary pediatric hospital. Change in continuous-medication-infusion process, comprising the adoption of (1) standard drug concentrations, (2) "smart" syringe pumps, and (3) human-engineered medication labels. Comparison of reported continuous-medication-infusion errors before and after the intervention. The number of reported errors dropped by 73% for an absolute risk reduction of 3.1 to 0.8 per 1000 doses. Preparation errors that occurred in the pharmacy decreased from 0.66 to 0.16 per 1000 doses; the number of 10-fold errors in dosage decreased from 0.41 to 0.08 per 1000 doses. The use of standard drug concentrations, smart syringe pumps, and user-friendly labels reduces reported errors associated with continuous medication infusions. Standard drug concentrations can be chosen to allow most neonates to receive needed medications without concerns related to excess fluid administration.
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              Feature interaction: a critical review and considered forecast

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                R Soc Open Sci
                R Soc Open Sci
                RSOS
                royopensci
                Royal Society Open Science
                The Royal Society Publishing
                2054-5703
                April 2017
                26 April 2017
                26 April 2017
                : 4
                : 4
                : 160903
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Computer Science, University of Swansea , Wales SA2 8PP, UK
                [2 ]Department of Computer Science, University of York , York YO1 5DD, UK
                Author notes
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-4243
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-372X
                Article
                rsos160903
                10.1098/rsos.160903
                5414246
                f04dab25-09d1-4664-9ac0-132e411d0448
                © 2017 The Authors.

                Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 9 November 2016
                : 22 March 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266;
                Award ID: EP/L019272/1
                Categories
                1003
                104
                Computer Science
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                April, 2017

                interactive system,numbers and numerals,human error
                interactive system, numbers and numerals, human error

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