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      Training Population Optimization for Genomic Selection in Miscanthus

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          Abstract

          Miscanthus is a perennial grass with potential for lignocellulosic ethanol production. To ensure its utility for this purpose, breeding efforts should focus on increasing genetic diversity of the nothospecies Miscanthus × giganteus (M×g) beyond the single clone used in many programs. Germplasm from the corresponding parental species M. sinensis (Msi) and M. sacchariflorus (Msa) could theoretically be used as training sets for genomic prediction of M×g clones with optimal genomic estimated breeding values for biofuel traits. To this end, we first showed that subpopulation structure makes a substantial contribution to the genomic selection (GS) prediction accuracies within a 538-member diversity panel of predominately Msi individuals and a 598-member diversity panels of Msa individuals. We then assessed the ability of these two diversity panels to train GS models that predict breeding values in an interspecific diploid 216-member M×g F 2 panel. Low and negative prediction accuracies were observed when various subsets of the two diversity panels were used to train these GS models. To overcome the drawback of having only one interspecific M×g F 2 panel available, we also evaluated prediction accuracies for traits simulated in 50 simulated interspecific M×g F 2 panels derived from different sets of Msi and diploid Msa parents. The results revealed that genetic architectures with common causal mutations across Msi and Msa yielded the highest prediction accuracies. Ultimately, these results suggest that the ideal training set should contain the same causal mutations segregating within interspecific M×g populations, and thus efforts should be undertaken to ensure that individuals in the training and validation sets are as closely related as possible.

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          As the rate of sequencing increases, greater throughput is demanded from read aligners. The full-text minute index is often used to make alignment very fast and memory-efficient, but the approach is ill-suited to finding longer, gapped alignments. Bowtie 2 combines the strengths of the full-text minute index with the flexibility and speed of hardware-accelerated dynamic programming algorithms to achieve a combination of high speed, sensitivity and accuracy.
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            Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies.

            Population stratification--allele frequency differences between cases and controls due to systematic ancestry differences-can cause spurious associations in disease studies. We describe a method that enables explicit detection and correction of population stratification on a genome-wide scale. Our method uses principal components analysis to explicitly model ancestry differences between cases and controls. The resulting correction is specific to a candidate marker's variation in frequency across ancestral populations, minimizing spurious associations while maximizing power to detect true associations. Our simple, efficient approach can easily be applied to disease studies with hundreds of thousands of markers.
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              Ridge Regression: Biased Estimation for Nonorthogonal Problems

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                G3 (Bethesda)
                Genetics
                G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
                G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
                G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
                G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics
                Genetics Society of America
                2160-1836
                26 May 2020
                July 2020
                : 10
                : 7
                : 2465-2476
                Affiliations
                [* ]Dept. of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
                []Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605
                []Applied Plant Genome Laboratory, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
                [§ ]Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
                [** ]Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
                [†† ]Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
                [‡‡ ]Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588
                [§§ ]Department of Applied Plant Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
                [*** ]Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
                [††† ]China National Seed Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, China
                [‡‡‡ ]Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, South Korea
                [§§§ ]College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
                [**** ]Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 42–44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia
                Author notes
                [1 ]Corresponding author: Dept. of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. E-mail: alipka@ 123456illinois.edu
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-9752
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3881-9252
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-176X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-8488
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1571-8528
                Article
                GGG_401402
                10.1534/g3.120.401402
                7341128
                32457095
                f081becb-09ee-4e90-9c54-4ba076723c0e
                Copyright © 2020 Olatoye et al.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 27 February 2020
                : 20 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 2, Equations: 2, References: 56, Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funded by: DOE, DOI https://doi.org/10.13039/100000015;
                Award ID: DE-SC0016264
                Categories
                Genomic Prediction

                Genetics
                miscanthus,prediction accuracy,genomic selection,population structure,genpred,shared data resources

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