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      Síndrome neuroléptico maligno secundario a quetiapina Translated title: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome secondary to quetiapine

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico de una paciente tratada con quetiapina a alta dosis de larga duración en el que produjo una reacción adversa atípica. Descripción del caso clínico: Mujer de 82 años institucionalizada en una residencia para mayores de edad, acude a urgencias con síntomas de fiebre (39º), espasticidad y cambio de estado mental. Se excluyeron los diagnósticos diferenciales iniciales: accidente cerebrovascular e infección, por lo que con los síntomas presentados se diagnosticó de SNM. En el tratamiento farmacológico en el momento del ingreso destacó un dosis de quetiapina 400mg/24h; confirmado con su centro de residencia debido a las discrepancias con su prescripción electrónica. Según informes médicos, la paciente había recibido este tratamiento durante dos meses previo al ingreso, aunque el SNM es un efecto secundario poco común entre los antipsicóticos posee unas consecuencias fatales. El primer día de hospitalización se suspendió la quetiapina y recibió tratamiento específico contra el SNM, compuesto por dantroleno, fluidoterapia y cuidados de apoyo. El SNM se resolvió a los 3 días. Discusión: A pesar de que los antipsicóticos atípicos (AA) se consideren de mayor seguridad debido a su baja potencia para bloquear los receptores D2, pueden causar SNM incluso cuando se prescriben en monoterapia. Por ello, es fundamental un seguimiento de los tratamientos crónicos especialmente en personas mayores con un deterioro cognitivo de base. Esto enfatiza la importancia de la comunicación médico-farmacéutico para promover la seguridad de pacientes y la importancia de las notificaciones.

          Translated abstract

          Summary Aim: To describe a clinical case of a patient treated with quetiapine at high dose of long duration in which it produced an atypical adverse reaction. Description of the clinical case: An 82-year-old woman institutionalized in a nursing home for the elderly, went to the emergency room with the next symptoms; fever (39º), spasticity and change in mental state. After excluding other pathologies, she was diagnosed NMS. Pharmacological treatment at the time of admission a dose of quetiapine 400mg/24h attracted attention; which was confirmed with her center of residence due to discrepancies with her electronic prescription. According to medical reports, the patient had received this treatment for two months before admission, although NMS is an uncommon side effect among antipsychotics with fatal consequences. Hospitalization first´s day, quetiapine was discontinued and she received specific treatment for NMS, consisting of dantrolene, fluid therapy and supportive care. The NMS was resolved after 3 days. Discussion: Although atypical antipsychotics (AA) are considered safer because of their low potency in blocking D2 receptors, they can cause NMS even when prescribed in monotherapy. Therefore, a follow-up of chronic treatments is essential, especially in older people with a basic cognitive impairment. This case emphasizes the importance of medical-pharmaceutical communication´s to promote patient safety and the importance of reporting.

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          Neuroleptic malignant syndrome secondary to quetiapine.

          To report a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) secondary to quetiapine in which the patient developed extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). A 34-year-old male with a history of severe brain damage, mental retardation, and seizures was admitted to the hospital with changes in mental status, development of tremors, and a temperature of 39.9 degrees C. Initial differential diagnoses included seizure, aspiration, stroke, and infection. Once these were excluded, NMS was considered. The patient exhibited other characteristics of NMS during hospitalization, including lead pipe rigidity, tachycardia, and high creatine kinase level (up to 12,654 IU/L). Drug therapy on presentation included quetiapine 200 mg 3 times per day, guanfacine 2 mg/day, carbamazepine 400 mg every 12 hours, valproic acid 500 mg twice daily, and lorazepam 2 mg (unknown schedule). He reportedly had received these medications for at least a month before admission. On hospital day 2, quetiapine was discontinued. The patient received traditional treatment for NMS, which included bromocriptine, dantrolene, intravenous fluids, and supportive care. The NMS resolved in 7 days. In cases of NMS, clinicians previously believed that the risk for developing severe adverse effects such as EPS was lower with atypical versus typical antipsychotics. We identified 13 cases of NMS secondary to quetiapine in the literature via a search of MEDLINE/PubMed (1950-2008), and Iowa Drug Information Service (1966-2008). Seventy-five percent of previous reports of NMS secondary to quetiapine had reactions that included EPS. Common patient characteristics in our report and others included male sex, history of mental retardation, and treatment modalities used in NMS. Unique characteristics in this case included length of therapy without dosage change or titration and no known history of drug-related EPS. The Naranjo probability scale indicated a probable relationship between the development of NMS and quetiapine. NMS with associated EPS has been previously associated with quetiapine. Clinicians should be aware that NMS with EPS can occur with quetiapine at steady state doses without recent dosage adjustments or titration.
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            Problemas relacionados con la medicación como causa del ingreso hospitalario

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              Quetiapine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome in dementia with Lewy bodies: a case report.

              Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of neuroleptics; this sensitivity is included among the clinical diagnostic criteria for DLB. Recently atypical neuroleptics, which carry less risk of extrapyramidal side effects than typical agents, have come into increasing use in treating psychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbances related to DLB. The present report is the first to describe a DLB patient who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) induced by quetiapine, an atypical neuroleptic known to have relatively infrequent extrapyramidal side effects in DLB patients. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of the occurrence of NMS in DLB even when atypical neuroleptics are administered.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                March 2022
                : 32
                : 1
                : 101-102
                Affiliations
                [1] Almería orgnameHospital Universitario Torrecárdenas orgdiv1UGC Farmacia España
                [2] Almería orgnameHospital Universitario Torrecárdenas orgdiv1UGC Medicina Interna España
                Article
                S1699-714X2022000100019 S1699-714X(22)03200100019
                10.4321/s1699-714x20220001000019
                f090f6dd-ff17-4e21-aa1d-c2bb30f2ec32

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 October 2020
                : 02 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 8, Pages: 2
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                SciELO Spain

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                Casos Clínicos

                Antipsychotic agents,diagnóstico,síndrome neuroléptico maligno,fumarato de quetiapina,efecto adverso,Agente antipsicótico,diagnosis,neuroleptic malignant syndrome,quetiapine fumarate,adverse effects

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