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      Substituição do milho pela casca de café ou de soja em dietas para vacas leiteiras: comportamento ingestivo, concentração de nitrogênio uréico no plasma e no leite, balanço de compostos nitrogenados e produção de proteína microbiana Translated title: Replacing corn with coffee hulls or soyhulls in diets of dairy cows: chewing activity, ruminal metabolism, nitrogen utilization and microbial protein synthesis

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          Abstract

          Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho pela casca de café ou pela casca de soja em dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar, com 60% de concentrado, sobre o comportamento ingestivo, o pH e a concentração de amônia no líquido ruminal, a excreção de uréia na urina (EU), a concentração de N-uréia no plasma (NUP) e no leite (NUL), o balanço de compostos nitrogenados e a síntese de proteína microbiana em vacas leiteiras, em comparação a uma dieta com silagem de milho. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas holandesas, puras e mestiças, distribuídas em três quadrados latinos 4 x 4. A dieta controle foi composta de silagem de milho e 40% de concentrado (SiMi), com base na MS. Foram utilizadas três dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar e 60% de concentrado, de modo que os percentuais de substituição do milho foram 0% (CMi), 25% com casca de café (CCC) ou 50% com casca de soja (CCS), com base na MS total da dieta. O tempo total de mastigação foi menor para a dieta SiMi e não foi afetado pela inclusão de casca de café ou casca de soja. O pH ruminal não diferiu nos tempos 0 e 3 horas após a alimentação matinal. A dieta CCC resultou, três horas após alimentação, em menor concentração de amônia ruminal em relação às demais, com exceção da dieta CMi. Não foram observadas diferenças na EU e NUL, sendo registrados valores médios de 179,31 mg/kg de PV e 12,59 mg/dL, respectivamente. A substituição do milho pela casca de café ou de soja não promove melhora no ambiente ruminal. A síntese de compostos nitrogenados microbianos e a eficiência microbiana ruminal não são influenciadas pelas dietas e apresentam valores médios de 273 g/dia e 130,08 gPBmic/kg de NDT, respectivamente.

          Translated abstract

          Twelve purebred and crossbred Holstein cows were assigned to three replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares to evaluate the effects of replacing corn grain with coffee hulls or soyhulls on chewing activity, ruminal metabolism, nitrogen utilization, and microbial protein synthesis. Animals were fed a control diet containing 60% corn silage and 40% concentrate (CS diet) or three sugarcane based diets with forage to concentrate ratio of 40:60. The sugarcane diets contained 100% of corn in the concentrate (SC diet) or partial replacement of corn with 25% of coffee hulls (SCH diet) or 50% of soyhulls (SSH diet). Total chewing time was lowest on CS and did not change by the inclusion of coffee hulls or soyhulls in the diet. Ruminal pH did not differ significantly at zero (pre-feeding) and at three hours after the morning feeding across diets. The same was observed for the ruminal concentration of ammonia N immediately before feeding. However, the concentration of ruminal ammonia N at three hours after feeding was lower on SCH than on CS and SSH diets but was similar to that of SC diet. No significant differences were observed for the urinary excretion of urea N and milk urea N, which averaged 179.31 mg/kg BW and 12.59 mg/dL, respectively, among diets. Replacing corn grain with coffee hulls or soyhulls did not improve the ruminal environment. Microbial protein synthesis and microbial efficiency were both not affected by diets averaging 273 g/day and 130.08 g microbial CP/kg TDN, respectively.

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          Most cited references39

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          Nutritional ecology of the ruminant

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            Using milk urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows.

            Because animal agriculture has been identified as a major source of nonpoint N pollution, ways to reduce the excretion of N by production animals must be examined. The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate a mathematical model that integrates milk urea N to predict excretion, intake, and utilization efficiency of N in lactating dairy cows. Three separate digestibility and N balance studies (10 diets, 40 cows, and 70 observations) were used to develop the model, and 19 independent studies (93 diets) were used for evaluation. The driving variables for the model were milk urea N (milligrams per deciliter), milk production (kilograms per day), milk protein (percentage), and dietary crude protein (percentage). For the developmental data set, the model accurately predicted N excretion and efficiency with no significant mean or linear bias for most predictions. Residual analysis revealed that a majority of the unexplained model error was associated with variation among cows. For the independent data set, model prediction error was approximately 15% of mean predictions. A mean of at least 10 cows was determined to be appropriate for model predictions. Target milk urea N concentrations were determined from expected urinary N excretion for cows that were fed according to National Research Council recommendations. Target values calculated in this manner were 10 to 16 mg/dl, depending on milk production. Milk urea N is a simple and noninvasive measurement that can be used to monitor N excretion from lactating dairy cows.
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              Protein Nutrition in Ruminants

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa )
                1806-9290
                February 2007
                : 36
                : 1
                : 205-215
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [3 ] UNIPAC
                Article
                S1516-35982007000100025
                10.1590/S1516-35982007000100025
                f0a1df9e-1407-4834-a609-fdcc5da4c417

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3598&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                nitrogen utilization,ruminal metabolism,feed by-products,eficiência do nitrogênio,funcionamento ruminal,subprodutos

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