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      Quality of Life of Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy in Indonesia: A Comparison of EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L, Based on Patients' Characteristics

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          Abstract

          One of the important outcomes to define the success of cancer treatment is the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that can be measured using generic and/or specific instruments. Our study aims to define the cancer patients' HRQoL in some hospitals in Indonesia as measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EQ-5D-5L, to define the differences of cancer patients' HRQoL referring to patients' characteristics, and to explore determinants of cancer patients' HRQoL. We recruited 451 cancer patients using a cross-sectional design in two referral hospitals in Central Java, Indonesia, using the purposive sampling technique. All subjects, recruited from July 2020 to October 2021, met the inclusion criteria, namely, adult patients diagnosed with cancers in all stages who willingly participated in the study. The Indonesian value set was used to obtain the EQ-5D-5L index score. We further analyzed the data based on cancer stages and compared two questionnaires using independent t test. We highlighted that most of the cancer patients are female (69.4%), young (86%), and at advanced stages of cancer (54.1%). The physical and role functions and global health status of the cancer patients are poor, and the most severe symptom is fatigue. Moreover, most of them experience severe pain and perform daily activities with difficulties. Some patients' characteristics show significant influences on the HRQoL domains in both questionnaires ( p < 0.05). Interestingly, both of the questionnaires have shown significant correlations between similar domains and revealed the poor HRQoL of advanced cancer patients ( p < 0.05). Our study finds that cancer patients still have poor HRQoL in some domains. We suggest to the health providers that they apply education and psychological intervention to increase their HRQoL.

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          Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)

          M. Herdman, C. Gudex, S Lloyd … (2011)
          Purpose This article introduces the new 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) health status measure. Methods EQ-5D currently measures health using three levels of severity in five dimensions. A EuroQol Group task force was established to find ways of improving the instrument’s sensitivity and reducing ceiling effects by increasing the number of severity levels. The study was performed in the United Kingdom and Spain. Severity labels for 5 levels in each dimension were identified using response scaling. Focus groups were used to investigate the face and content validity of the new versions, including hypothetical health states generated from those versions. Results Selecting labels at approximately the 25th, 50th, and 75th centiles produced two alternative 5-level versions. Focus group work showed a slight preference for the wording ‘slight-moderate-severe’ problems, with anchors of ‘no problems’ and ‘unable to do’ in the EQ-5D functional dimensions. Similar wording was used in the Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression dimensions. Hypothetical health states were well understood though participants stressed the need for the internal coherence of health states. Conclusions A 5-level version of the EQ-5D has been developed by the EuroQol Group. Further testing is required to determine whether the new version improves sensitivity and reduces ceiling effects.
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            The Indonesian EQ-5D-5L Value Set

            Fredrick Dermawan Purba, Joke Hunfeld, Aulia Iskandarsyah … (2017)
            Background The EQ-5D is one of the most used generic health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) instruments worldwide. To make the EQ-5D suitable for use in economic evaluations, a societal-based value set is needed. Indonesia does not have such a value set. Objective The aim of this study was to derive an EQ-5D-5L value set from the Indonesian general population. Methods A representative sample aged 17 years and over was recruited from the Indonesian general population. A multi-stage stratified quota method with respect to residence, gender, age, level of education, religion and ethnicity was utilized. Two elicitation techniques, the composite time trade-off (C-TTO) and discrete choice experiments (DCE) were applied. Interviews were undertaken by trained interviewers using computer-assisted face-to-face interviews with the EuroQol Valuation Technology (EQ-VT) platform. To estimate the value set, a hybrid regression model combining C-TTO and DCE data was used. Results A total of 1054 respondents who completed the interview formed the sample for the analysis. Their characteristics were similar to those of the Indonesian population. Most self-reported health problems were observed in the pain/discomfort dimension (39.66%) and least in the self-care dimension (1.89%). In the value set, the maximum value was 1.000 for full health (health state ‘11111’) followed by the health state ‘11112’ with value 0.921. The minimum value was −0.865 for the worst state (‘55555’). Preference values were most affected by mobility and least by pain/discomfort. Conclusions We now have a representative EQ-5D-5L value set for Indonesia. We expect our results will promote and facilitate health economic evaluations and HRQOL research in Indonesia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40273-017-0538-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Effect of specialist palliative care services on quality of life in adults with advanced incurable illness in hospital, hospice, or community settings: systematic review and meta-analysis

              Jan Gaertner, Waldemar Siemens, Joerg Meerpohl … (2017)
              Objective To assess the effect of specialist palliative care on quality of life and additional outcomes relevant to patients in those with advanced illness. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, and trial registers searched up to July 2016. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised controlled trials with adult inpatients or outpatients treated in hospital, hospice, or community settings with any advanced illness. Minimum requirements for specialist palliative care included the multiprofessional team approach. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, assessed the risk of bias (Cochrane risk of bias tool), and evaluated the quality of evidence (GRADE tool). Data synthesis Primary outcome was quality of life with Hedges’ g as standardised mean difference (SMD) and random effects model in meta-analysis. In addition, the pooled SMDs of the analyses of quality of life were re-expressed on the global health/QoL scale (item 29 and 30, respectively) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 (0-100, high values=good quality of life, minimal clinically important difference 8.1). Results Of 3967 publications, 12 were included (10 randomised controlled trials with 2454 patients randomised, of whom 72% (n=1766) had cancer). In no trial was integration of specialist palliative care triggered according to patients’ needs as identified by screening. Overall, there was a small effect in favour of specialist palliative care (SMD 0.16, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.31; QLQ-C30 global health/QoL 4.1, 0.3 to 8.2; n=1218, six trials). Sensitivity analysis showed an SMD of 0.57 (−0.02 to 1.15; global health/QoL 14.6, −0.5 to 29.4; n=1385, seven trials). The effect was marginally larger for patients with cancer (0.20, 0.01 to 0.38; global health/QoL 5.1, 0.3 to 9.7; n=828, five trials) and especially for those who received specialist palliative care early (0.33, 0.05 to 0.61, global health/QoL 8.5, 1.3 to 15.6; n=388, two trials). The results for pain and other secondary outcomes were inconclusive. Some methodological problems (such as lack of blinding) reduced the strength of the evidence. Conclusions Specialist palliative care was associated with a small effect on QoL and might have most pronounced effects for patients with cancer who received such care early. It could be most effective if it is provided early and if it identifies though screening those patients with unmet needs. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42015020674.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Dyah A. Perwitasari:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2638-6664
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Clin Pract
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Clin Pract
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJCLP
                Title: International Journal of Clinical Practice
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 1368-5031
                ISSN (Electronic): 1742-1241
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 March 2023
                Volume: 2023
                Electronic Location Identifier: 9357299
                Affiliations
                1Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
                2Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
                3Department of Pharmacy, Kariadi Hospital, Semarang 50244, Indonesia
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Rui Amaral Mendes

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2638-6664
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7336-3043
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3560-398X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-130X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-4887
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-5591
                https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3885-346X
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2023/9357299
                PMC ID: 10005864
                PubMed ID: 36908296
                SO-VID: f0cf1cf4-fee7-4634-8029-503e3d6c8f5b
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2023 Dyah A. Perwitasari et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 10 September 2022
                Date revision received : 28 January 2023
                Date accepted : 11 February 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology
                Award ID: 001/SK.PJD/LPPM/VII/2021
                Funded by: Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi /Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
                Award ID: 011/SKP.TJ.PD/LPPM/IV/2021
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

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