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      Prevención de la conducta suicida en contextos escolares. Una revisión de los tipos de intervención Translated title: Prevention of suicidal behavior in school contexts. A review of types of intervention

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          Abstract

          Resumen: El suicidio es un problema de salud pública que se presenta en edades cada vez más tempranas, por esta razón es importante desarrollar estrategias y programas de promoción y prevención en diferentes contextos, como el educativo. La presente revisión sistemática presenta información básica de programas o estrategias de prevención de las conductas suicidas en contextos escolares publicadas en la literatura científica (años 2008 a 2020). La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos EBSCO, BVS, Dialnet, Lilacs, Google Académico, Redalyc y Scielo. Se encontró que se han desarrollado programas y estrategias de prevención orientadas a sensibilización, información, entrenamiento (de gatekeeper –“guardián”- y psicoeducación), desarrollo, screening o intervención terapéutica, así como algunas intervenciones multimodales que articulan las estrategias anteriores. Se concluye que existe una amplia gama de propuestas de intervención que pueden ser consideradas por los profesionales educativos o en salud mental para la prevención efectiva de la conducta suicida en instituciones educativas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Suicide is a public health problem that occurs at increasingly younger ages, for this reason it is important to develop promotion and prevention's strategies and programs in different contexts such as education. This systematic review presents basic information about programs or strategies for the prevention of suicidal behavior in school contexts, published in the scientific literature (years 2008 to 2020). The search was carried out in the following databases: EBSCO, BVS, Dialnet, Lilacs, Google Académico, Redalyc and Scielo. It was found that prevention programs and strategies aimed at raising awareness, information, training (of gatekeeper and psychoeducation), development, screening or therapeutic intervention, as well as some multimodal interventions that articulate the previous strategies, have been developed. It is concluded that there is a wide range of intervention proposals that can be considered by educational or mental health professionals for the effective prevention of suicidal behavior in schools.

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          Most cited references61

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          Randomized trial of a gatekeeper program for suicide prevention: 1-year impact on secondary school staff.

          Gatekeeper-training programs, designed to increase identification and referral of suicidal individuals, are widespread but largely untested. A group-based randomized trial with 32 schools examined impact of Question, Persuade, Refer (QPR) training on a stratified random sample of 249 staff with 1-year average follow-up. To test QPR impact, the authors introduced and contrasted 2 models of gatekeeper-training effects in a population: gatekeeper surveillance and gatekeeper communication. Intent-to-treat analyses showed that training increased self-reported knowledge (effect size [ES] = 0.41), appraisals of efficacy (ES = 1.22), and service access (ES = 1.07). Training effects varied dramatically. Appraisals increased most for staff with lowest baseline appraisals, and suicide identification behaviors increased most for staff already communicating with students about suicide and distress. Consistent with the communication model, increased knowledge and appraisals were not sufficient to increase suicide identification behaviors. Also consistent with the communication model were results from 2,059 8th and 10th graders surveyed showing that fewer students with prior suicide attempts endorsed talking to adults about distress. Skill training for staff serving as "natural gatekeepers" plus interventions that modify students' help-seeking behaviors are recommended to supplement universal gatekeeper training.
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            School-based suicide prevention programmes: the SEYLE cluster-randomised, controlled trial.

            Suicidal behaviours in adolescents are a major public health problem and evidence-based prevention programmes are greatly needed. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of school-based preventive interventions of suicidal behaviours.
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              An outcome evaluation of the Sources of Strength suicide prevention program delivered by adolescent peer leaders in high schools.

              We examined the effectiveness of the Sources of Strength suicide prevention program in enhancing protective factors among peer leaders trained to conduct schoolwide messaging and among the full population of high school students.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                neuropsiq
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría
                Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiq.
                Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0211-5735
                2340-2733
                June 2023
                : 43
                : 143
                : 217-236
                Affiliations
                [5] San Juan de Pasto orgnameCiudadela Universitaria de Torobajo Colombia
                [3] Pradera Valle del Cauca orgnameInstitución Educativa José Celestino Mutis Colombia
                [2] San Juan de Pasto orgnameUniversidad de Nariño orgdiv1Departamento de Promoción de la Salud Colombia
                [1] San Juan de Pasto orgnameUniversidad de Nariño orgdiv1Departamento de Psicología Colombia
                [4] San Juan de Pasto orgnameCiudadela Universitaria de Torobajo Colombia
                Article
                S0211-57352023000100012 S0211-5735(23)04314300012
                10.4321/s0211-57352023000100012
                f0ec06a3-e0fb-47aa-9b4c-c72d83010e1c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 March 2022
                : 31 January 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                school,mental health,suicidio,prevención,instituciones educativas,salud mental,prevention,suicide

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