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      25 años después del estreno de Philadelphia (1993), ¿qué cosas han cambiado en la infección por VIH? Translated title: 25 years after Philadelphia (1993) premiere, what things have changed in HIV infection?

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          Abstract

          Resumen En el presente año 2019 se han cumplido 25 años del estreno de la película Philadelhia de Jonathan Demme, que en nuestro país se produjo en marzo de 1994. Pretendemos con este artículo hacer una reflexión de los cambios que se han producido en la infección HIV tanto en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronostico así como en el ámbito social: cuando se presenta la película hacía unos 10 años de los primeros casos, se contemplaba la infección por HIV como una enfermedad con un amplio rechazo social con estigmatización de varios grupos de riesgo (homosexuales, adictos por vía intravenosa y hemofílicos) y las vías de contagio, el diagnóstico solía hacerse en fases tardías de la enfermedad con cuadros de inmunodeficiencia severa como sarcoma de Kaposi, neumonía por Pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasmosis cerebral y meningitis por criptococo y los tratamientos eran poco efectivos. En la actualidad, el diagnóstico y tratamiento es mucho más precoz y efectivo y la estigmatización social ha desaparecido.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract In present year 2019, 25 years of the premiere of the film Philadelhia by Jonathan Demme have been fulfilled, which in our country took place in March 1994. With this paper, we try to make a reflection of the changes that have occurred in HIV infection in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis as well as in the social field: when the film was presented about 10 years later first patients were diagnosed, HIV infection was considered as a disease with wide-spread social rejection with stigmatization of several risk groups (homosexuals, intravenous drug users and hemophiliacs) and ways of transmission, diagnosis was usually made in late stages of the disease with severe immunodeficiency symptoms such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cerebral toxoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis and the treatments were ineffective. At present, diagnosis and treatment is much earlier and more effective and social stigmatization has disappeared.

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          HIV-Associated Cancers and Related Diseases

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            Cancer incidence in the multicenter AIDS Cohort Study before and during the HAART era: 1984 to 2007.

            The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals declined after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid-1990s, but the cancer risk associated with HIV infection during the HAART era remains to be clarified. Cancer incidence among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants in the Multicenter AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Cohort Study (MACS) between 1984 and 2007 was compared with the expected incidence using US population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Age- and race-adjusted cancer incidence rates were also compared HIV by status and over time within the MACS. Exact statistical methods were used for all analyses. A total of 933 incident cancers were observed during 77,320 person-years of follow-up. Compared with SEER, MACS HIV-infected men had significantly (P<.05) elevated rates of KS (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 139.10), NHL (SIR, 36.80), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)(SIR, 7.30), and anal cancer (SIR, 25.71). Within MACS, HIV infection was found to be independently associated with each of these cancers across the entire follow-up period, and KS (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 54.93), NHL (IRR, 11.18), and anal cancer (IRR, 18.50) were each found to be significantly elevated among HIV-infected men during the HAART era. Among these men, the incidence of KS and NHL declined (IRR, 0.13 and 0.23, respectively), the incidence of anal cancer increased (IRR, 5.84), and the incidence of HL remained statistically unchanged (IRR, 0.75) from the pre-HAART to the HAART era. Cancer risk remains elevated among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, highlighting the continuing need for appropriate cancer screening in this population. Copyright © 2010 American Cancer Society.
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              A history of AIDS: looking back to see ahead.

              Since breaking onto the scene 26 years ago, HIV has proven an indefatigable foe. Over 60 million people have been infected with this retrovirus, and 25 million have already died of AIDS. HIV infection is hitting the hardest in the developing world 1. Tragically, 1600 babies continue to acquire HIV every day from their infected mothers. Over 12 million children have also been orphaned by AIDS, and this number will likely double by 2010. With these sobering statistics as a backdrop, this feature traces the history of the devastating HIV/AIDS pandemic and offers a view for what the future may hold.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmc
                Revista de Medicina y Cine
                Rev Med Cine
                Universidad de Salamanca (Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain )
                1885-5210
                March 2020
                : 16
                : 1
                : 37-42
                Affiliations
                [1] Villaviciosa de Odón Madrid orgnameUniversidad Europea de Madrid orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas Spain
                Article
                S1885-52102020000100007 S1885-5210(20)01600100007
                10.14201/rmc20201613742
                f0f17502-3c9c-47b6-a77b-e295c725ee40

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 September 2019
                : 25 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                treatment,opportunistic infections,social stigmatization,AIDS,infección por HIV,SIDA,tratamiento,infecciones oportunistas,estigmatización social,HIV infection

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