12
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Tomato locule number and fruit size controlled by natural alleles of lc and fas

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Improving yield by increasing the size of produce is an important selection criterion during the domestication of fruit and vegetable crops. Genes controlling meristem organization and organ formation work in concert to regulate the size of reproductive organs. In tomato, lc and fas control locule number, which often leads to enlarged fruits compared to the wild progenitors. LC is encoded by the tomato ortholog of WUSCHEL ( WUS), whereas FAS is encoded by the tomato ortholog of CLAVATA3 ( CLV3). The critical role of the WUSCLV3 feedback loop in meristem organization has been demonstrated in several plant species. We show that mutant alleles for both loci in tomato led to an expansion of the Sl WUS expression domain in young floral buds 2–3 days after initiation. Single and double mutant alleles of lc and fas maintain higher Sl WUS expression during the development of the carpel primordia in the floral bud. This augmentation and altered spatial expression of Sl WUS provided a mechanistic basis for the formation of multilocular and large fruits. Our results indicated that lc and fas are gain‐of‐function and partially loss‐of‐function alleles, respectively, while both mutations positively affect the size of tomato floral meristems. In addition, expression profiling showed that lc and fas affected the expression of several genes in biological processes including those involved in meristem/flower development, patterning, microtubule binding activity, and sterol biosynthesis. Several differentially expressed genes co‐expressed with Sl WUS have been identified, and they are enriched for functions in meristem regulation. Our results provide new insights into the transcriptional regulation of genes that modulate meristem maintenance and floral organ determinacy in tomato.

          Related collections

          Most cited references67

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase.

          Grain weight is one of the most important components of grain yield and is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) derived from natural variations in crops. However, the molecular roles of QTLs in the regulation of grain weight have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of GW2, a new QTL that controls rice grain width and weight. Our data show that GW2 encodes a previously unknown RING-type protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which is known to function in the degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Loss of GW2 function increased cell numbers, resulting in a larger (wider) spikelet hull, and it accelerated the grain milk filling rate, resulting in enhanced grain width, weight and yield. Our results suggest that GW2 negatively regulates cell division by targeting its substrate(s) to proteasomes for regulated proteolysis. The functional characterization of GW2 provides insight into the mechanism of seed development and is a potential tool for improving grain yield in crops.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Sugar transporters for intercellular exchange and nutrition of pathogens.

            Sugar efflux transporters are essential for the maintenance of animal blood glucose levels, plant nectar production, and plant seed and pollen development. Despite broad biological importance, the identity of sugar efflux transporters has remained elusive. Using optical glucose sensors, we identified a new class of sugar transporters, named SWEETs, and show that at least six out of seventeen Arabidopsis, two out of over twenty rice and two out of seven homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans, and the single copy human protein, mediate glucose transport. Arabidopsis SWEET8 is essential for pollen viability, and the rice homologues SWEET11 and SWEET14 are specifically exploited by bacterial pathogens for virulence by means of direct binding of a bacterial effector to the SWEET promoter. Bacterial symbionts and fungal and bacterial pathogens induce the expression of different SWEET genes, indicating that the sugar efflux function of SWEET transporters is probably targeted by pathogens and symbionts for nutritional gain. The metazoan homologues may be involved in sugar efflux from intestinal, liver, epididymis and mammary cells.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems in maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes.

              The higher-plant shoot meristem is a dynamic structure whose maintenance depends on the coordination of two antagonistic processes, organ initiation and self-renewal of the stem cell population. In Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems, the WUSCHEL (WUS) gene is required for stem cell identity, whereas the CLAVATA1, 2, and 3 (CLV) genes promote organ initiation. Our analysis of the interactions between these key regulators indicates that (1) the CLV genes repress WUS at the transcript level and that (2) WUS expression is sufficient to induce meristem cell identity and the expression of the stem cell marker CLV3. Our data suggest that the shoot meristem has properties of a self-regulatory system in which WUS/CLV interactions establish a feedback loop between the stem cells and the underlying organizing center.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                vanderkn@uga.edu
                Journal
                Plant Direct
                Plant Direct
                10.1002/(ISSN)2475-4455
                PLD3
                Plant Direct
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2475-4455
                03 July 2019
                July 2019
                : 3
                : 7 ( doiID: 10.1002/pld3.2019.3.issue-7 )
                : e00142
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Horticulture and Crop Science The Ohio State University Wooster Ohio
                [ 2 ] Department of Horticulture and Crop Science The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
                [ 3 ] Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics University of Georgia Athens Georgia
                [ 4 ] Department of Horticulture University of Georgia Athens Georgia
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Esther van der Knaap, University of Georgia, Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, Athens, GA.

                Email: vanderkn@ 123456uga.edu

                Article
                PLD3142
                10.1002/pld3.142
                6607973
                31312784
                f11cf14f-451a-4660-9cfe-1232bee0650f
                © 2019 The Authors. Plant Direct published by American Society of Plant Biologists, Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 13 April 2018
                : 27 April 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 2, Pages: 20, Words: 14209
                Funding
                Funded by: NSF‐IOS
                Award ID: 0922661
                Categories
                Original Research
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                pld3142
                July 2019
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.6.5 mode:remove_FC converted:03.07.2019

                fasciated,fruit development,gene expression,locule number,tomato

                Comments

                Comment on this article