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      Development and Evaluation of Dual Cross-Linked Pulsatile Beads for Chronotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis

      research-article

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      Journal: Journal of Pharmaceutics

      Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation

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          Abstract

          In the present investigation, pulsatile release beads were prepared by ionic gelation technique. Lornoxicam dual cross-linked beads were prepared by dropping dispersed phase of lornoxicam, pectin, and sodium alginate into the dispersion phase of different concentrations of calcium chloride solution followed by aluminium chloride solution. The formulated beads were further coated by Eudragit L & S 100 in the ratio 1 : 2 w/w in order to achieve desired lag time. In vitro release study showed lag time of 5–8 h before release of lornoxicam from the formulated beads. Thus, formulated dual cross-linked beads when administered at bed time may release lornoxicam when needed most for chronotherapeutics of early morning rheumatoid arthritis attacks in chronic patients.

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          Polysaccharides in colon-specific drug delivery.

          V.R Sinha, Rachna Kumria (2001)
          Natural polysaccharides are now extensively used for the development of solid dosage forms for delivery of drug to the colon. The rationale for the development of a polysaccharide based delivery system for colon is the presence of large amounts of polysaccharidases in the human colon as the colon is inhabited by a large number and variety of bacteria which secrete many enzymes e.g. beta-D-glucosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, amylase, pectinase, xylanase, beta-D-xylosidase, dextranase, etc. Various major approaches utilizing polysaccharides for colon-specific delivery are fermentable coating of the drug core, embedding of the drug in biodegradable matrix, formulation of drug-saccharide conjugate (prodrugs). A large number of polysaccharides have already been studied for their potential as colon-specific drug carrier systems, such as chitosan, pectin, chondroitin sulphate, cyclodextrin, dextrans, guar gum, inulin, amylose and locust bean gum. Recent efforts and approaches exploiting these polysaccharides in colon-specific drug delivery are discussed.
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            The Merck Index

            S Budavari, MJ O'Neil, A. Smith … (1996)
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              Xanthan-alginate composite gel beads: molecular interaction and in vitro characterization.

              T. Pongjanyakul, Satit Puttipipatkhachorn (2007)
              Xanthan gum (XG), a trisaccharide branched polymer, was applied to reinforce calcium alginate beads in this study. Composite beads consisting of XG and sodium alginate (SA) were prepared using ionotropic gelation method. Diclofenac calcium-alginate (DCA) beads incorporated with different amounts of XG were produced as well. Molecular interaction between SA and XG in the composite beads and the XG-DCA beads was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. Physical properties of the XG-DCA beads such as entrapment efficiency of diclofenac sodium (DS), thermal property, water uptake, swelling and DS release in various media were examined. XG could form intermolecular hydrogen bonding with SA in the composite beads with or without DS. Differential scanning calorimetric study indicated that XG did not affect thermal property of the DCA beads. The DS entrapment efficiency of the DCA beads increased with increasing amount of XG added. The XG-DCA beads showed higher water uptake and swelling in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and distilled water than the DCA beads. A longer lag time and a higher DS release rate of the XG-DCA beads in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer were found. In contrast, the 0.3%XG-DCA beads could retard the drug release in distilled water because interaction between XG and SA gave higher tortuosity of the bead matrix. However, higher content of XG in the DCA beads increased the release rate of DS. This can be attributed to erosion of small aggregates of XG on the surface of the DCA beads. This finding suggested that XG could modulate physicochemical properties and drug release of the DCA beads, which based on the existence of molecular interaction between XG and SA.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Pharm (Cairo)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Pharm (Cairo)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JPHAR
                Title: Journal of Pharmaceutics
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2090-9918
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-7818
                Publication date (Print): 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 December 2012
                Volume: 2013
                Affiliations
                Department of Pharmaceutics, H.R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Dhule, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Nayanabhirama Udupa

                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2013/906178
                PMC ID: 4595973
                SO-VID: f1360dba-ebad-4117-b0c5-80166ee54da4
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2013 A. k. Bansal and V. Pande.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

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