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      Tuberculosis, un Problema que no debe Ignorar el Odontólogo

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          Abstract

          La Tuberculosis (TBC) es una infección bacteriana crónica de gran importancia para el odontólogo. El elevado crecimiento de la población y la deficiente aplicación de métodos para el control de esta enfermedad nos lleva a que cada día existan más enfermos de tuberculosis. La tuberculosis es una de las enfermedades más importantes asociada al SIDA, las diferentes alteraciones inmunológicas de éste síndrome facilitan las formas de TBC de reactivación y la rápida progresión de infección a enfermedad. Una compleja interacción de factores influencia el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Existe evidencia directa e indirecta del papel del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH); sin embargo el concepto de la reactivación antecede a la explosión del SIDA, y son factores como la transmisión de infecciones hospitalarias, el abuso de drogas, los tratamientos en hospicios, ancianatos, orfanatos, prisiones y reformatorios; los que han permitido que esta enfermedad reaparezca en la historia como la PLAGA BLANCA. A continuación se muestra una revisión de la literatura sobre ésta enfermedad que cada día aumenta su incidencia y como profesionales de la salud necesitamos conocer de ella.

          Translated abstract

          The Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection of great importance for the dentist. The high rate population growth and the poor treatment application is markly increasing the incidence of human TB. On the other hand the tuberculosis is one of the most important illness associated with AIDS, the several immunological alterations of this disease facilitates the forms of TB for reactivation and the rapid progression from infection to illness. This is a literature review on TB, highlighting the importance of the diagnosis, treatment, control and the basic understanding of the disease for us as Health workers.

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          Most cited references23

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          Oral mucosal lesions associated with the wearing of removable dentures.

          Lesions of the oral mucosa associated with wearing of removable dentures may represent acute or chronic reactions to microbial denture plaque, a reaction to constituents of the denture base material, or a mechanical denture injury. The lesions constitute a heterogeneous group with regard to pathogenesis. They include denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, traumatic ulcers, denture irritation hyperplasia, flabby ridges, and oral carcinomas. Denture stomatitis is the most common condition which affects the palatal mucosa in about 50% of wearers of complete or partial removable dentures. Most of the lesions caused by chronic infection (Candida albicans) or mechanical injury whereas allergic reactions to the denture base materials are uncommon. Angular cheilitis (lesions of the angles of the mouth) is characterized by maceration, erythema and crust formation. The prevalence is about 15% among wearers of complete dentures. The lesions have an infectious origin but several local, including prosthetic, or systemic predisposing conditions are usually present. Traumatic ulcers caused by dentures with overextended or unbalanced occlusion are seen in about 5% of denture wearers. Denture irritation hyperplasia, which is caused by chronic injury of the tissue in contact with the denture border, is present in about 12% of denture wearers. Flabby ridge, which is replacement of alveolar bone by fibrous tissue, is present in 10-20%. Finally, there is evidence that chronic injury of the oral mucosa by dentures in rare instances may predispose to development of carcinomas. Most types of lesions are benign and quite symptomless. However, diagnosis may be difficult and the more severe and dramatic tissue reactions to dentures may indicate underlying systemic diseases. In order to prevent or minimize the extent of the lesions, denture wearers should be recalled regularly for an examination of the oral cavity and the dentures. It is important that the examination is carried out by a person who has adequate medical knowledge.
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            Tuberculosis: a global overview of the situation today.

            The overall tuberculosis situation in the world in 1990 and its recent trends are reviewed by an analysis of the case notifications to WHO and tuberculosis mortality reports. Estimates of the prevalence of tuberculosis infection and the incidence of tuberculosis disease and deaths predicted in 1990 were carried out with simple epidemiological models. Approximately one third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the past decade, an average of 2.5 to 3.2 million cases were notified every year globally, the small decrease in notification rates in recent years being offset by population growth. In 1990, an estimated 8 million people developed tuberculosis worldwide and 2.6 to 2.9 million died. The majority of these cases and deaths occurred in Asia, with an increasing number among HIV-infected individuals, especially in Africa where an upward trend is clearly detectable. Data on tuberculosis cases notified by WHO Member States demonstrate the magnitude of the problem but must be interpreted with caution. Being less than the expected incidence, they reflect the inadequacies of tuberculosis control programmes. This review confirms the very high global magnitude of the tuberculosis problem and calls for an urgent revitalization of tuberculosis control programmes throughout the world.
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              Transmission of tuberculosis among the urban homeless

              P Barnes (1996)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aov
                Acta Odontológica Venezolana
                Acta odontol. venez
                Facultad de Odontología -UCV (Caracas )
                0001-6365
                January 2002
                : 40
                : 1
                : 61-66
                Article
                S0001-63652002000100013
                f13a86f7-ce38-453f-8d92-f4db95e2150e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0001-6365&lng=en
                Categories
                DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

                Dentistry
                lung,bacilli,tuberculosis,infection,illness,pulmón,bacilo,infección,enfermedad,prevención
                Dentistry
                lung, bacilli, tuberculosis, infection, illness, pulmón, bacilo, infección, enfermedad, prevención

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