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      ASSESSING AND DETECTING THE ABILITY TO FAKING PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT ON THE MMPI-2 USING MOCK VICTIMS

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          Abstract

          The Spanish Law 30/1995 concerning civil liability in motor vehicle accidents (MVA) has included, under the precept of moral damage, the compensation of victims of psychological injury. The literature has identified PTSD and the indirect measurements or secondary disorders i.e., depression and dystimia, as psychological injury of an MVA. Nevertheless, under civil law, the diagnosis of PTSD alone does not constitute sufficient evidence given that in legal terms faking or false testimony must be detected and eliminated before an expert testimony can be admissible. In this context, and in order to assess the ability of malingerers to fake psychological injury in MVA, a total of 105 naïve participants i.e., untrained in psychopathology, and who had never been involved in a traffic accident in which they had sustained physical or psychological injury, were asked to feign they had suffered psychological injury as a consequence of a MVA. One week after self-training, they were evaluated on the MMPI-2. The results show that participants were able to fake both the direct and indirect symptoms of psychological injury of an MVA. The assessment of the predictive capacity of the validity and configurations scales of the MMPI-2 for effective simulators of moral damages revealed a wide margin of error: 26 subjects (24.76%) were perfect simulators. Finally, the results for the assessment of psychological injury of MVA are discussed and guidelines are recommended for detecting faking.

          Translated abstract

          La ley española 30/1995 referente a responsabilidad civil en los accidentes de vehículo de motor (MVA) ha incluido, bajo precepto del daño moral, la remuneración de víctimas de lesión psicológica. La literatura ha identificado PTSD y las medidas indirectas o desórdenes secundarios, ejemplo depresión y distimia, como las lesiones psicológicas de un MVA. Sin embargo, bajo la ley civil, el diagnóstico de PTSD por sí solo no constituye evidencia suficiente, dado que en términos legales antes que sea admisible el testimonio de un experto, se deben detectar y eliminar la falsificación o falso testimonio. En este contexto y para determinar la capacidad de las personas de falsificar una lesión psicológica en MVA, a un total de 105 participantes quienes no tenían entrenamiento en psicopatología y nunca habían estado implicados en un accidente de tráfico en el cual hubiesen sufrido lesión física o psicológica, se les pidió fingir que habían sufrido una lesión psicológica como consecuencia de un n MVA. Una semana después del autoentrenamiento, fueron evaluados con el MMPI-2. Los resultados muestran que los participantes pudieron falsificar tanto los síntomas directos como los indirectos de lesión psicológica de un MVA. La evaluación de la capacidad predictiva de las escalas de validez y de las configuraciones del MMPI-2 para los simuladores efectivos de daños morales, reveló un amplio margen de error: 26 sujetos (24.76%) fueron simuladores perfectos. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la evaluación de lesiones psicológicas en MVA y se recomiendan pautas para detectar la falsificación.

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          Most cited references75

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          Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey.

          Data were obtained on the general population epidemiology of DSM-III-R posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including information on estimated life-time prevalence, the kinds of traumas most often associated with PTSD, sociodemographic correlates, the comorbidity of PTSD with other lifetime psychiatric disorders, and the duration of an index episode. Modified versions of the DSM-III-R PTSD module from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview were administered to a representative national sample of 5877 persons aged 15 to 54 years in the part II subsample of the National Comorbidity Survey. The estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD is 7.8%. Prevalence is elevated among women and the previously married. The traumas most commonly associated with PTSD are combat exposure and witnessing among men and rape and sexual molestation among women. Posttraumatic stress disorder is strongly comorbid with other lifetime DSM-III-R disorders. Survival analysis shows that more than one third of people with an index episode of PTSD fail to recover even after many years. Posttraumatic stress disorder is more prevalent than previously believed, and is often persistent. Progress in estimating age-at-onset distributions, cohort effects, and the conditional probabilities of PTSD from different types of trauma will require future epidemiologic studies to assess PTSD for all lifetime traumas rather than for only a small number of retrospectively reported "most serious" traumas.
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            Avoidant coping style and post-traumatic stress following motor vehicle accidents.

            Predictors of post-traumatic intrusive symptomatology were studied in 56 motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors 12 months after their MVA. Measures were obtained on Ss' subjective response to the trauma, objective indices of injury severity, coping response (Coping Style Questionnaire), and post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale; IES). Significant levels of intrusive and avoidance symptomatology were reported by 20% of MVA survivors. An avoidant coping style and compensation accounted for 41% of variance of IES-Intrusion scores. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of avoidance behaviour in post-traumatic adjustment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rlps
                Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología
                rev.latinoam.psicol.
                Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0120-0534
                December 2008
                : 40
                : 3
                : 485-496
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameUniversidad de Granada
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Vigo
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Santiago de Compostela
                Article
                S0120-05342008000300007 S0120-0534(08)04000307
                f13d4ac4-f962-430e-9025-880f08a8df5c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : July 2008
                : October 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Article

                Faking, motor traffic accidents (MVA),psychologychal assessment,post traumatic stress disorder (PSTD),MMPI-2,Falso testimonio,evaluación psicológica,accidentes de trafico con vehículo de motor (MVA),desorden de estrés post-traumático (PSTD)

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