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      Impacto de la anestesia libre de opioides en cirugía bariátrica Translated title: Impact of opioid free anesthesia in bariatric surgery

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          Abstract

          Resumen Fundamento Los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica presentan mayor riesgo de complicaciones debido al uso de opioides. El objetivo es valorar la seguridad e idoneidad del protocolo Anestesia libre de opioides (OFA) implantado en el Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria en 2018. Material y métodos Estudio prospectivo llevado a cabo en 38 pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica bajo protocolo OFA durante el año 2018 en el H.U. Virgen de la Victoria (Málaga). Se recogieron variables para establecer el control hemodinámico y del dolor perioperatorio que se analizaron mediante Stata v.16. Resultados La edad media fue 43 años, el índice de masa corporal medio 48,14 y la estancia media en quirófano 178 minutos. El control de la respuesta hipertensiva tras la laringoscopia sucedió en el 88,1% de los casos. Al ingreso en la Unidad de Recuperación Post Anestésica (URPA), la SpO2 sin aporte suplementario en el traslado presentó una mediana de 97% con p75 ≥ 95%, mientras que el p75 de la evaluación del dolor mediante escala visual analógica (EVA) fue 3, con un 68% de pacientes sin dolor. Al alta de URPA, todos presentaron EVA menor de 4 y solo fue necesario administrar una dosis baja de petidina en siete pacientes. Conclusión La OFA ha resultado ser segura y conseguir un control del dolor óptimo. En los casos reconvertidos, el buen control de los parámetros abre la posibilidad de su utilización en cirugías más dolorosas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background Patients subjected to bariatric surgery present a greater risk of complications due to the use of opioids. The goal is to evaluate the security and suitability of the Opioid Free Anaesthesia (OFA) protocol implemented in the Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria in 2018. Method Prospective study carried out on 38 patients subjected to laparoscopic bariatric surgery under the OFA protocol in the year 2018 at the H.U. Virgen de la Victoria (Málaga, Spain). Variables were gathered to establish haemodynamic control and perioperative pain, which were analysed using Stata v.16. Results The average age was 43 years; the average body mass index was 48.14 and the average stay in the operating theatre was 178 minutes. Control of hypertensive response following laryngoscopy occurred in 88.1% of the cases. On entering the Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU), SpO2 without a supplementary contribution in the transfer showed a median of 97% with p75 ≥ 95%, while the p75 of pain evaluation by means of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was 3, with 68% of patients without pain. On discharge from the PACU, all presented VAS below 4 and it was only necessary to administer a low dose of Pethidine in seven patients. Conclusion The OFA has proved to be secure and achieves optimum pain control. In the reconverted cases, good control of the parameters opens up the possibility of its use in more painful surgeries.

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          Most cited references32

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          Surgery decreases long-term mortality, morbidity, and health care use in morbidly obese patients.

          This study tested the hypothesis that weight-reduction (bariatric) surgery reduces long-term mortality in morbidly obese patients. Obesity is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The impact of surgically induced, long-term weight loss on this mortality is unknown. We used an observational 2-cohort study. The treatment cohort (n = 1035) included patients having undergone bariatric surgery at the McGill University Health Centre between 1986 and 2002. The control group (n = 5746) included age- and gender-matched severely obese patients who had not undergone weight-reduction surgery identified from the Quebec provincial health insurance database. Subjects with medical conditions (other then morbid obesity) at cohort-inception into the study were excluded. The cohorts were followed for a maximum of 5 years from inception. The cohorts were well matched for age, gender, and duration of follow-up. Bariatric surgery resulted in significant reduction in mean percent excess weight loss (67.1%, P < 0.001). Bariatric surgery patients had significant risk reductions for developing cardiovascular, cancer, endocrine, infectious, psychiatric, and mental disorders compared with controls, with the exception of hematologic (no difference) and digestive diseases (increased rates in the bariatric cohort). The mortality rate in the bariatric surgery cohort was 0.68% compared with 6.17% in controls (relative risk 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.04-0.27), which translates to a reduction in the relative risk of death by 89%. This study shows that weight-loss surgery significantly decreases overall mortality as well as the development of new health-related conditions in morbidly obese patients.
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            Excess weight and sleep-disordered breathing.

            Excess weight is a well-established predictor of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Clinical observations and population studies throughout the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia have consistently shown a graded increase in the prevalence of SDB as body mass index, neck girth, or other measures of body habitus increases. Clinical studies of weight loss and longitudinal population studies provide strong support for a causal association. The role of excess body weight, a modifiable risk factor, with SDB raises many questions relevant to clinical practice and public health. The topic takes on added importance with the alarming rate of weight gain in children as well as adults in industrialized nations. Among adults ages 30-69 yr, averaging over the estimated United States 2003 age, sex, and BMI distributions, we estimate that approximately 17% of adults have mild or worse SDB (apnea-hypopnea index > or = 5) and that 41% of those adults have SDB "attributable" to having a body mass index of > or =25 kg/m(2). Similarly, we estimate that approximately 5.7% of adults have moderate or worse SDB (apnea-hypopnea index > or = 15) and that 58% of those adults have SDB attributable to excess weight. Clearly, if the expanding epidemic of obesity seen in the United States continues, the prevalence of SDB will almost certainly increase, along with the proportion of SDB attributable to obesity.
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              Opioid-related adverse drug events in surgical hospitalizations: impact on costs and length of stay.

              Opioid analgesics remain a mainstay in the treatment of pain associated with surgical procedures. Such use is associated with adverse drug events (ADEs). To investigate the impact of opioid-related ADEs on total hospital costs and length of stay (LOS) in adult surgical patients. This was a retrospective matched cohort study using data from computerized medical records. ADE cases were prospectively detected using computerized surveillance and verified by pharmacists. Surgical patients treated at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2003, were included. The primary outcomes were costs and hospital LOS associated with opioid-related ADEs and the relationship of opioid dose to ADE events. Patients experiencing opioid-related ADEs had significantly increased median total hospital costs (7.4% increase; 95% CI 3.83 to 10.96; p < 0.001) and increased median LOS (10.3% increase; 95% CI 6.5 to 14.2; p < 0.001) compared with matched non-ADE controls. The increased costs attributable to ADEs, by surgery type, were general surgery ($676.51; 95% CI 351.50 to 1001.50), orthopedics ($861.50; 95% CI 448.20 to 1274.80), and obstetrics/gynecology ($540.90; 95% CI 281.40 to 800.40). Similarly, increased LOS attributable to ADEs, by surgery type, were general surgery (0.64 days; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.88), orthopedics (0.52 days; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.71), and obstetrics/gynecology (0.53 days; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.72). Higher doses of opioids were associated with increased risk of experiencing ADEs (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.60; p = 0.01). Opioid-related ADEs following surgery were associated with significantly increased LOS and hospitalization costs. These ADEs occurred more frequently in patients receiving higher doses of opioids.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                April 2020
                : 43
                : 1
                : 51-56
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameInstituto Biomédico de Investigación de Málaga (IBIMA)
                [3] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Málaga orgdiv1Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría Spain
                [1] orgnameHospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria orgdiv1Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación
                Article
                S1137-66272020000100006 S1137-6627(20)04300100006
                10.23938/assn.0757
                f142586a-de28-4124-ab5a-1714794c6bb4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 February 2020
                : 20 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                Dolor postoperatorio,Cirugía baríatrica,Opioides,Bariatric surgery,Post anaesthesia recovery,Opioids,Postoperative pain,Recuperación postanestésica

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