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      Anathallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) no estado do Paraná, Brasil Translated title: Anathallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) in Paraná state, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Resumo Anathallis compreende cerca de 165 espécies distribuídas no Neotrópico. Através da análise de material depositado em herbários nacionais e estrangeiros e da realização de trabalho de campo, 17 espécies foram identificadas para o estado do Paraná e são atribuídas a quatro grupos informais: “Acuminatae” (Anathallis rubens e A. sclerophylla), “Alatae” (A. citrina, A. dryadum, A. ferdinandiana, A. gert-hatschbachii, A. heterophylla e A. obovata), “Margaritifera” (A. linearifolia e A. piratiningana) e “Panmorphia” (A. adenochila, A. aristulata, A. bleyensis, A. corticicola, A. microphyta, A. modesta e A. vitorinoi). O gênero ocorre nas diferentes fitofisionomias do estado, sobretudo no Primeiro Planalto, na Floresta Ombrófila Mista e na Estepe Gramíneo Lenhosa. Segundo os critérios da IUCN, a maioria enquadra-se na categoria “Em Perigo”. Quatro sinonímias são aqui propostas: Anathallis kleinii é considerada sinônimo de A. corticicola, A. microblephara de A. modesta, A. pabstii de A. gert-hatschbachii e A. ypirangae de A. ferdinandiana. Além disso são propostos um lectótipo e um epítipo para Pleurothallis microblephara. São apresentados uma chave para identificação das espécies, descrições, ilustrações, lista de material examinado, dados sobre distribuição geográfica e estado de conservação dos táxons.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Anathallis comprises ca. 165 Neotropical species. Based on fieldwork and study of Brazilian and foreign herbaria, 17 species of Anathallis are recognized for Paraná. They are assigned to four informal groups: “Acuminatae” (Anathallis rubens and A. sclerophylla), “Alatae” (A. citrina, A. dryadum, A. ferdinandiana, A. gert-hatschbachii, A. heterophylla, and A. obovata), “Margaritifera” (A. linearifolia and A. piratiningana), and “Panmorphia” (A. adenochila, A. aristulata, A. bleyensis, A. corticicola, A. microphyta, A. modesta, and A. vitorinoi). The genus is recorded in different areas in the state, mostly inhabiting areas of the Primeiro Planalto in the Floresta Ombrófila Mista, and in the Estepe Gramíneo Lenhosa. According to IUCN criteria, most taxa are considered “Endangered.” Four new synonyms are proposed: Anathallis kleinii as a synonym for A. corticicola; A. microblephara as a synonym for A. modesta; A. pabstii as a synonym for A. gert-hatschbachii, and A. ypirangae as a synonym for A. ferdinandiana. A lectotype and an epitype are selected for Pleurothallis microblephara Schltr. A key for species identification, descriptions, illustrations, list of specimens examined, distribution maps and conservation status for all taxa are herein provided.

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          Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool

          Abstract GeoCAT is an open source, browser based tool that performs rapid geospatial analysis to ease the process of Red Listing taxa. Developed to utilise spatially referenced primary occurrence data, the analysis focuses on two aspects of the geographic range of a taxon: the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO). These metrics form part of the IUCN Red List categories and criteria and have often proved challenging to obtain in an accurate, consistent and repeatable way. Within a familiar Google Maps environment, GeoCAT users can quickly and easily combine data from multiple sources such as GBIF, Flickr and Scratchpads as well as user generated occurrence data. Analysis is done with the click of a button and is visualised instantly, providing an indication of the Red List threat rating, subject to meeting the full requirements of the criteria. Outputs including the results, data and parameters used for analysis are stored in a GeoCAT file that can be easily reloaded or shared with collaborators. GeoCAT is a first step toward automating the data handling process of Red List assessing and provides a valuable hub from which further developments and enhancements can be spawned.
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            Phylogenetic relationships in Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): combined evidence from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences.

            To evaluate the monophyly of subtribe Pleurothallidinae (Epidendreae: Orchidaceae) and the component genera and to reveal evolutionary relationships and trends, we sequenced the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S gene for 185 taxa. In addition, to improve the overall assessments along the spine of the topology, we added plastid sequences from matK, the trnL intron, and the trnL-F intergenic spacer for a representative subset of those taxa in the ITS study. All results were highly congruent, and so we then combined the sequence data from all three data sets in a separate analysis of 58 representative taxa. There is strong support in most analyses for the monophyly of Pleurothallidinae and in some for inclusion of Dilomilis and Neocognauxia of Laeliinae. Although most genera in the nine clades identified in the analyses are monophyletic, all data sets are highly congruent in revealing the polyphyly of Pleurothallis and its constitutent subgenera as presently understood. The high degree of homoplasy in morphological characters, especially floral characters, limits their usefulness in phylogenetic reconstruction of the subtribe.
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              Genera Pleurothallidinarum: An updated phylogenetic overview of pleurothallidinae

              Abstract:Subtribe Pleurothallidinae with just over 5000 species is possibly the most species-rich of all orchids. It has been growing steadily for more than two centuries, but the last three decades have been especially active in terms of systematic and phylogenetic studies in the group. The growth in species numbers has been accompanied by the marked increase in generic and infrageneric concepts. Nevertheless, Pleurothallidinae are plagued with cases of convergent and divergent morphology, and phylogenetic relatedness is not always apparent. This opens the door to controversial changes in generic circumscriptions that are considered too inclusive by some and too exclusive by others. A grave consequence of these disagreements is the difficulty of assessing which and how many species actually belong to each genus. Here an attempt is made to place generic names among their close relatives as a first step to re-evaluating the whole subtribe.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0370-6583
                2175-7860
                2019
                : 70
                : 0
                : e02722017
                Affiliations
                [1] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Centro Politécnico Setor de Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Depto. Botânica Brazil
                [2] orgnameMarie Selby Botanical Gardens Estados Unidos
                Article
                S2175-78602019000100228
                10.1590/2175-7860201970031
                f14d5aa9-9e57-46de-b61f-8a5402a1e519

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 March 2018
                : 10 July 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                florística,IUCN,Mata Atlântica,biodiversity,floristics,Atlantic Forest,biodiversidade

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