Korean Version of Mini Mental Status Examination for Dementia Screening and Its' Short Form

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Abstract

Objective

We developed a Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) optimized for screening dementia (MMSE-DS) and its' short form (SMMSE-DS).

Methods

We constructed the MMSE-DS using the items of the two current Korean versions of MMSE and then construct the SMMSE-DS consisted of 13 items from the MMSE-DS based on the diagnostic accuracy of individual items for dementia. We investigated reliability and validity of MMSE-DS and SMMSE-DS on 1,555 subjects (1,222 nondemented controls, 333 dementia patients). We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the SMMSE-DS with that of the three full Korean versions of MMSE, and examined its' age- and education-specific optimal cutoff scores for dementia.

Results

The internal consistency obtained by Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.826. The inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.968 (p<0.001) and 0.825 (p<0.001), respectively. It showed significant correlation with the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) (r=-0.698, p<0.05) and the three full Korean versions of MMSE (r=0.839-0.938, p<0.001). The area under the receiver operator curve for dementia of the SMMSE-DS was larger than those of the three full Korean versions of MMSE (p<0.001). Age, education and gender explained 19.4% of the total variance of SMMSE-DS scores. The optimal cutoff scores for dementia of the SMMSE-DS were estimated differently by age and educational attainment of the subjects.

Conclusion

The SMMSE-DS was found to be accurate, brief and portable instrument for screening dementia in Korean elders, and may be particularly useful for screening dementia in elderly populations with wide variation in educational levels.

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Most cited references 30

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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

Vijay A Mittal, Elaine F Walker (2011)

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Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level.

R Crum, J C Anthony, S S Bassett … (1993)

To report the distribution of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores by age and educational level. National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program surveys conducted between 1980 and 1984. Community populations in New Haven, Conn; Baltimore, Md; St Louis, Mo; Durham, NC; and Los Angeles, Calif. A total of 18,056 adult participants selected by probability sampling within census tracts and households. Summary scores for the MMSE are given in the form of mean, median, and percentile distributions specific for age and educational level. The MMSE scores were related to both age and educational level. There was an inverse relationship between MMSE scores and age, ranging from a median of 29 for those 18 to 24 years of age, to 25 for individuals 80 years of age and older. The median MMSE score was 29 for individuals with at least 9 years of schooling, 26 for those with 5 to 8 years of schooling, and 22 for those with 0 to 4 years of schooling. Cognitive performance as measured by the MMSE varies within the population by age and education. The cause of this variation has yet to be determined. Mini-Mental State Examination scores should be used to identify current cognitive difficulties and not to make formal diagnoses. The results presented should prove to be useful to clinicians who wish to compare an individual patient's MMSE scores with a population reference group and to researchers making plans for new studies in which cognitive status is a variable of interest.

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An adaptation of the Korean mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) in elderly Koreans: demographic influence and population-based norms (the AGE study).

Changsu Han, Sangmee Ahn Jo, Inho Jo … (2008)

The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) is a brief global instrument used to assess cognitive abilities, and has been translated into the K-MMSE. The clinical value of the K-MMSE is restricted by the small amount of normative data available, especially for the elderly population. We investigated the population-based data of K-MMSE scores to obtain the norms specific for the sociodemographic characteristics of elderly Koreans. The K-MMSE was applied to a cognitively normal sample of 977 subjects aged 60-84 years in Ansan, South Korea. We determined whether the sociodemographic characteristics were related to the K-MMSE scores and calculated the norms. The K-MMSE score was significantly associated with age, gender, and level of education, and this result was used to develop normative data with age, gender, and educational strata. The normative data based on age, gender, and level of education presented here are suitable for clinical use.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Psychiatry Investig

Journal ID (publisher-id): PI

Title: Psychiatry Investigation

Publisher: Korean Neuropsychiatric Association

ISSN (Print): 1738-3684

ISSN (Electronic): 1976-3026

Publication date (Print): June 2010

Publication date (Electronic): 06 April 2010

Volume: 7

Issue: 2

Pages: 102-108

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

[2 ]Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea.

[3 ]Department of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.

[4 ]Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.

[5 ]Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.

[6 ]Department of Neuropsychiatry, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

[7 ]Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea.

[8 ]Department of Neuropsychiatry, Inje University Snaggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

[9 ]Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

[10 ]Departmnet of Neuropsychiatry, Kyunggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly, Yongin, Korea.

[11 ]Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Author notes

Correspondence: Ki Woong Kim, MD, PhD. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-707, Korea. Tel +82-31-787-7439, Fax +82-31-787-4058, kwkimmd@ 123456snu.ac.kr

Article

DOI: 10.4306/pi.2010.7.2.102

PMC ID: 2890863

PubMed ID: 20577618

SO-VID: f19071e7-5d01-4a25-a747-f6c10c58f3aa

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Korean Version of Mini Mental Status Examination for Dementia Screening and Its' Short Form

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Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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New Psychiatry

Most cited references 30

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level.

An adaptation of the Korean mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) in elderly Koreans: demographic influence and population-based norms (the AGE study).

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