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      Atratividade de adultos de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) aos compostos voláteis de coentro, endro e erva-doce (Apiaceae) em condições de laboratório Translated title: Attractiveness of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) adults to volatile compounds of coriander, dill and fennel (Apiaceae) in laboratory conditions

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          Abstract

          Espécies de Apiaceae dispõem de óleos essenciais, nos quais podem ocorrer compostos voláteis, que funcionam como sinais para atração e manutenção de inimigos naturais nas áreas cultivadas. Com base nestas características, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a atratividade aos adultos do predador Chrysoperla externa. Foram utilizados folhas e caules de coentro, endro e erva-doce, coletados aos 30 e 60 dias após a semeadura. As plantas foram dispostas em olfatômetro de quatro vias (formato de "X") disponibilizando-se os odores para machos e fêmeas, virgens e acasalados, em testes de livre escolha. Ao serem liberados individualmente no interior do olfatômetro, foram cronometrados cinco minutos e contabilizado o tempo total de permanência do inseto em cada braço do aparelho. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste c², com frequência esperada de 25%. Estudou-se o rendimento de óleo essencial das três espécies de plantas, 30 e 60 dias após a semeadura, utilizando-se do método de hidrodestilação. A composição química dos óleos foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrômetro de massas. Verificou-se que adultos virgens têm preferência por plantas de coentro, enquanto os acasalados preferem plantas de erva-doce, ambas coletadas aos 30 dias. Plantas com 60 dias não proporcionaram resposta atrativa aos adultos de C. externa. O rendimento de óleo tendeu a aumentar com o desenvolvimento fenológico da planta. A composição química do óleo de coentro revelou, como componentes majoritários, o (2E)-decenal e decanal e, para erva-doce, a maior concentração foi de (E)-anetol.

          Translated abstract

          Species of Apiaceae have essential oils that may present volatile compounds that act as signals to attract and maintain natural enemies in the crop. Based on these characteristics, the objective of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness to adults of the predator Chrysoperla externa. Leaves and stems of plants of coriander, dill and fennel, collected at 30 and 60 days after sowing, were used here. The plants were arranged in four-way olfactometer ("X" format), providing odor to males and females, virgin and mated insects, in free choice tests. When released individually inside the olfactometer, five minutes were timed and the total time spent by the insect in each arm of the device was counted. Data were analyzed by the χ² test, with expected frequencies of 25%. The yield of the essential oil of three species of plants at 30 and 60 days after sowing was evaluated by using the method of hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the oils was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. It was found that virgin adults have a preference for coriander plants, while the mated insects prefer fennel, both collected at 30 days. Plants at 60 days did not provide attractiveness response to adults of C. externa. The oil yield tended to increase with the phenological development of the plant. The chemical composition of coriander oil revealed (2E)-decenal and decanal as major components, and the highest concentration was of (E)-anethole for fennel.

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          Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

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            Olfactory responses of Plutella xylostella natural enemies to host pheromone, larval frass, and green leaf cabbage volatiles.

            The parasitoids Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), are potential biological control agents for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). We present studies on the interactions between these bioagents and various host-associated volatiles using a Y olfactometer. T chilonis was attracted to a synthetic pheromone blend (Z11-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z11-16:OH in a 1:1:0.01 ratio), to Z11-16:Ac alone, and to a 1:1 blend of Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:Ald. C. plutellae responded to the blend and to Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:Ald. Male and female C. carnea responded to the blend and to a 1:1 blend of the major components of the pheromone, although no response was elicited by single compounds. Among the four host larval frass volatiles tested (dipropyl disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, allyl isothiocyanate, and dimethyl trisulfide), only allyl isothiocyanate elicited significant responses in the parasitoids and predator, but C. plutellae and both sexes of C. carnea did respond to all four volatiles. Among the green leaf volatiles of cabbage (Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata), only Z3-6:Ac elicited significant responses from T. chilonis, C. plutellae, and C. carnea, but C. plutellae also responded to E2-6:Ald and Z3-6:OH. When these volatiles were blended with the pheromone, the responses were similar to those elicited by the pheromone alone, except for C. carnea males, which had an increased response. The effect of temperature on the response of the biological agents to a mixture of the pheromone blend and Z3-6:Ac was also studied. T. chilonis was attracted at temperatures of 25-35 degrees C, while C. plutellae and C. carnea responded optimally at 30-35 degrees C and 20-25 degrees C, respectively. These results indicate that the sex pheromone and larval frass volatiles from the diamondback moth, as well as volatile compounds from cabbage, may be used by these natural enemies to locate their diamondback moth host.
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              Composição dos óleos essenciais de Anis-estrelado Illiciumverum L. e de Capim-limão Cymbopogoncitratus (DC.) Stapf: Avaliação do Efeito Repelente sobre Brevicorynebrassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rceres
                Revista Ceres
                Rev. Ceres
                Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa )
                2177-3491
                February 2015
                : 62
                : 1
                : 37-43
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                Article
                S0034-737X2015000100037
                10.1590/0034-737X201562010005
                f19dd0df-9033-4955-a4ea-0ce9b81234d7

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-737X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                Anethum graveolens L.,Coriandrum sativum L.,essential oil,Foeniculum vulgare Mill,Lacewings.,Crisopídeos,óleo essencial

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