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      Grain boundary stability governs hardening and softening in extremely fine nanograined metals

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      Journal: Science
      Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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          A maximum in the strength of nanocrystalline copper.

          Jakob Schiøtz, Karsten W Jacobsen (2003)
          We used molecular dynamics simulations with system sizes up to 100 million atoms to simulate plastic deformation of nanocrystalline copper. By varying the grain size between 5 and 50 nanometers, we show that the flow stress and thus the strength exhibit a maximum at a grain size of 10 to 15 nanometers. This maximum is because of a shift in the microscopic deformation mechanism from dislocation-mediated plasticity in the coarse-grained material to grain boundary sliding in the nanocrystalline region. The simulations allow us to observe the mechanisms behind the grain-size dependence of the strength of polycrystalline metals.
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            Mesoporous silicon sponge as an anti-pulverization structure for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes.

            Xiaolin Li, Meng Gu, Shenyang Hu … (2014)
            Nanostructured silicon is a promising anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, yet scalable synthesis of such materials, and retaining good cycling stability in high loading electrode remain significant challenges. Here we combine in-situ transmission electron microscopy and continuum media mechanical calculations to demonstrate that large (>20 μm) mesoporous silicon sponge prepared by the anodization method can limit the particle volume expansion at full lithiation to ~30% and prevent pulverization in bulk silicon particles. The mesoporous silicon sponge can deliver a capacity of up to ~750 mAh g(-1) based on the total electrode weight with >80% capacity retention over 1,000 cycles. The first cycle irreversible capacity loss of pre-lithiated electrode is <5%. Bulk electrodes with an area-specific-capacity of ~1.5 mAh cm(-2) and ~92% capacity retention over 300 cycles are also demonstrated. The insight obtained from this work also provides guidance for the design of other materials that may experience large volume variation during operations.
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              Deformation twinning in nanocrystalline aluminum.

              Mingwei Chen, En Ma, Kevin J Hemker … (2003)
              We report transmission electron microscope observations that provide evidence of deformation twinning in plastically deformed nanocrystalline aluminum. The presence of these twins is directly related to the nanocrystalline structure, because they are not observed in coarse-grained pure aluminum. We propose a dislocation-based model to explain the preference for deformation twins and stacking faults in nanocrystalline materials. These results underscore a transition from deformation mechanisms controlled by normal slip to those controlled by partial dislocation activity when grain size decreases to tens of nanometers, and they have implications for interpreting the unusual mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline materials.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Science
                Abbreviated Title: Science
                Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                ISSN (Print): 0036-8075
                ISSN (Electronic): 1095-9203
                Publication date Created: March 23 2017
                Publication date (Print): March 23 2017
                Volume: 355
                Issue: 6331
                Pages: 1292-1296
                Article
                DOI: 10.1126/science.aal5166
                PubMed ID: 28336664
                SO-VID: f1a0f151-44c1-4507-8948-0454c48089dc
                Copyright © © 2017
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