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      The Effect of Different Mixing Methods on Working Time, Setting Time, Dimensional Changes and Film Thickness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium-Enriched Mixture

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different mixing techniques (conventional, amalgamator and ultrasonic mixing) on the physical properties the working time (WT), setting time (ST), dimensional changes (DC) and film thickness (FT)] of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

          Methods and Materials:

          The mentioned physical properties were determined using the ISO 6786:2001 specification. Six samples of each material were prepared for three mixing techniques (totally 36 samples). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey’s tests. The level of significance was defined at 0.05.

          Results:

          Irrespective of mixing technique, there was no significant difference between the WT and FT of the tested materials. Except for the DC of MTA and the FT of the all materials, other properties were significantly affected with mixing techniques ( P<0.05). The ultrasonic technique decreased the ST of MTA and CEM cement and increased the WT of CEM cement ( P<0.05).

          Conclusion:

          The mixing technique of the materials had no significant effect on the dimensional changes of MTA and the film thickness of both materials.

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          Most cited references17

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          Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review--part II: leakage and biocompatibility investigations.

          Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was developed because existing materials did not have the ideal characteristics for orthograde or retrograde root-end fillings. MTA has been recommended primarily as a root-end filling material, but it has also been used in pulp capping, pulpotomy, apical barrier formation in teeth with open apexes, repair of root perforations, and root canal filling. Part I of this literature review presented a comprehensive list of articles regarding the chemical and physical properties as well as the antibacterial activity of MTA. The purpose of part II of this review is to present a comprehensive list of articles regarding the sealing ability and biocompatibility of this material. A review of the literature was performed by using electronic and hand-searching methods for the sealing ability and biocompatibility of MTA from November 1993-September 2009. Numerous studies have investigated the sealing ability and biocompatibility of MTA. On the basis of available evidence it appears that MTA seals well and is a biocompatible material. Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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            Comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of MTA and portland cement.

            This study evaluated and compared the pH, radiopacity, setting time, solubility, dimensional change, and compressive strength of ProRoot MTA (PMTA), ProRoot MTA (tooth colored formula) (WMTA), white Portland cement (WP), and ordinary Portland cement (OP). The results showed that PMTA and Portland cement have very similar physical properties. However, the radiopacity of Portland cement is much lower than that of PMTA. The compressive strength of PMTA was greater than Portland cement at 28 days. The major constituent of PMTA is Portland cement. Given the low cost of Portland cement and similar properties when compared to PMTA, it is reasonable to consider Portland cement as a possible substitute for PMTA in endodontic applications. However, industrially manufactured Portland cement is not approved currently for use in the United States and therefore no clinical recommendation can be made for its use in the human body. Further in vitro and in vivo tests, especially with regards its biocompatibility, should be conducted to ascertain if it meets the FDA requirements for use as a medical device.
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              Chemical modification of proroot mta to improve handling characteristics and decrease setting time.

              Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) fulfills many of the ideal properties of a root-end filling material. However, the composition of this material often makes MTA difficult to use, a direct result of its granular consistency, slow setting time, and initial looseness. Additives used by the Portland cement (PC) industry to increase PC's plasticity and decrease its setting time were added first to PC and then to gray MTA in an attempt to improve MTA's handling characteristics, with the combination providing the best handling characteristics tested for its effect on compressive strength (for changes in the original material's properties) and decrease in setting time. An admix of 1% methylcellulose and 2% calcium chloride resulted in a mix of chemically modified MTA that, when compared with unmodified MTA, (1) handled similarly to a reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement, (2) gave an approximately equal compressive strength, and (3) set one third faster (57 +/- 3 minutes).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Iran Endod J
                Iran Endod J
                IEJ
                Iranian Endodontic Journal
                Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (Tehran, Iran )
                1735-7497
                2008-2746
                Fall 2015
                : 10
                : 4
                : 248-251
                Affiliations
                [a ] Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
                [b ] Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
                [c ] Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,
                [d ] Private Practice, Tabriz, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Negin Ghasemi, Department of Endodontics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golghasht Street, Tabriz, Iran. Tel: +98-914 3063283, Fax: +98-413 3346977, E-mail: Neginghasemi64@gmail.com
                Article
                10.7508/iej.2015.04.008
                4609663
                26523140
                f1b6c355-95c3-4080-adf8-cd687f31aa9e
                © 2015, Iranian Center for Endodontic Research

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 20 March 2015
                : 9 July 2015
                : 26 July 2015
                Categories
                Original Article

                Dentistry
                calcium-enriched mixture,dimensional changes,film thickness,mineral trioxide aggregate,setting time,working time

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