Parechovirus and enteroviruses among young infants with sepsis in Iran

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Abstract

Background and Objectives:

Human parechoviruses (HPeV) and Human enteroviruses (EV) frequently cause a sepsis-like illness in young infants (younger than three months). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of HPeV and EV among the young infants with clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis in Ahvaz city, Iran.

Materials and Methods:

The blood specimens were collected from 100 (younger than 90 days hospitalized infants) including 54 (56.25%) males and 46 (43.75%) females with clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis-like disease. The RNA was extracted and tested for detection of VP1 region of HPeV and 5 UTR (Untranslated Region) of EV by RT-PCR. The sequences of positive of HPeV were further analyzed to determine HPeV genotyping.

Results:

5/100 (5%) of patients including 2/46 (2%) females and 3/54 (3%) males tested positive for HPeV (P=0.85). The analysis of 5 positive VP1 region of HPeV revealed the genotype 1. The analysis of sequencing and phylogenetic tree revealed that the isolated HPeVs were genotype 1. While 38/100 (38%) specimens including 16 (16%) females and 22 (22%) males were tested positive for EV (P=0.68).

Conclusion:

The frequency of HPeV genotype 1 was 5% among the young infants with sepsis. While frequency of EV was 38% among the young infants with sepsis. This study showed HPeV genotype 1 and EV are dominant in this region.

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Most cited references 42

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Invasive candidiasis as a cause of sepsis in the critically ill patient

Julie Delaloye, Thierry Calandra (2013)

Invasive fungal infections are an increasingly frequent etiology of sepsis in critically ill patients causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Candida species are by far the predominant agent of fungal sepsis accounting for 10% to 15% of health-care associated infections, about 5% of all cases of severe sepsis and septic shock and are the fourth most common bloodstream isolates in the United States. One-third of all episodes of candidemia occur in the intensive care setting. Early diagnosis of invasive candidiasis is critical in order to initiate antifungal agents promptly. Delay in the administration of appropriate therapy increases mortality. Unfortunately, risk factors, clinical and radiological manifestations are quite unspecific and conventional culture methods are suboptimal. Non-culture based methods (such as mannan, anti-mannan, β-d-glucan, and polymerase chain reaction) have emerged but remain investigational or require additional testing in the ICU setting. Few prophylactic or pre-emptive studies have been performed in critically ill patients. They tended to be underpowered and their clinical usefulness remains to be established under most circumstances. The antifungal armamentarium has expanded considerably with the advent of lipid formulations of amphotericin B, the newest triazoles and the echinocandins. Clinical trials have shown that the triazoles and echinocandins are efficacious and well tolerated antifungal therapies. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of invasive candidiasis have been published by the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and the Infectious Diseases Society of North America.

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Picornavirus and enterovirus diversity with associated human diseases.

Laurent Kaiser, Tom Petty, Fredy Siegrist … (2013)

Members of the Picornaviridae family are non-enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with a 30nm icosahedral capsid. This virus family exhibits a considerable amount of genetic variability driven both by mutation and recombination. Recently, three previously unknown human picornaviruses, namely the human Saffold cardiovirus, cosavirus and salivirus, have been identified in stools or respiratory samples from subjects presenting symptoms ranging from gastroenteritis to acute flaccid paralysis. However, these viruses were also frequently detected in asymptomatic subjects and their clinical relevance remains to be elucidated. The Enterovirus genus is a prototype example of the Picornaviridae heterogeneity at both genetic and phenotypic levels. This genus is divided into 10 species, seven of which contain human viruses, including three Rhinovirus species. Both human rhino- and enteroviruses are also characterized by high levels of genetic variability, as exemplified by the existence of over 250 different serotypes and the recent discovery of new enterovirus genotypes and the Rhinovirus C species. Despite their common genomic features, rhinoviruses are restricted to the respiratory tract, whereas the vast majority of enteroviruses infect the gastrointestinal tract and can spread to other organs, such as the heart or the central nervous system. Understanding the genetic determinants of such phenotypic diversity is an important challenge and a field for future investigation. Better characterization of these ubiquitous human pathogens may help to develop vaccines or antiviral treatments and to monitor the emergence of new strains. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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A note on the neighbor-joining algorithm of Saitou and Nei.

Bernhard Keppler, J Studier (1988)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Microbiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Microbiol

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJM

Journal ID (pmc): IJM

Title: Iranian Journal of Microbiology

Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 2008-3289

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-4447

Publication date (Print): June 2021

Volume: 13

Issue: 3

Pages: 312-318

Affiliations

[1 ]Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

[2 ]Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Aboozar Children’s Medical Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

[3 ]Department of Biostatistic, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author: Manoochehr Makvandi, Ph.D, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Tel: +98-6133112751, Fax: +98-6133332036, Email: manoochehrmakvandi299@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: IJM-13-312

DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i3.6393

PMC ID: 8416594

SO-VID: f1d5f6ad-0a2e-45ba-a36a-0126539000c2

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.

Parechovirus and enteroviruses among young infants with sepsis in Iran

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Abstract

Background and Objectives:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Role of Microbes in Soil Fertility and Human Health

Most cited references 42

Invasive candidiasis as a cause of sepsis in the critically ill patient

Picornavirus and enterovirus diversity with associated human diseases.

A note on the neighbor-joining algorithm of Saitou and Nei.

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