Doenças dermatológicas de notificação compulsória no Brasil

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Abstract

A estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Brasil, em 1975, tornou obrigatória a notificação de algumas doenças transmissíveis com o objetivo de reduzir a carga destes eventos no país. Entretanto, as alterações no perfil epidemiológico destas doenças, associadas a características da sociedade contemporânea, determinam a constante adequação das atividades de vigilância a este cenário. Neste manuscrito, são descritos epidemiologia, tendências e diagnóstico diferencial das seguintes doenças dermatológicas de notificação compulsória no Brasil: aids, dengue, hanseníase, leishmaniose tegumentar americana, sarampo, rubéola e síndrome da rubéola congênita e sífilis. Também são apresentados os principais desafios atuais para o controle e prevenção para cada uma dessas doenças no Brasil

Translated abstract

The development of a Brazilian National Surveillance System in 1975 led to a compulsory reporting of selected infectious diseases aiming to reduce the burden of these events in the country. However, shifts in the epidemiology of these diseases associated with modern life style, demand constant revision of surveillance activities. In this manuscript we present the epidemiology, trends and differential diagnosis of the following compulsory notifiable diseases in Brazil: Aids, dengue fever, hanseniasis, American tegumentary leishmaniasis, measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome and syphilis. Additionally, the current challenges for control and prevention of each disease are presented

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Guia de vigilância epidemiológica

H.V BRASIL, Brasil Ministério da Saúde, NM Aquino … (2005)

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Phlebotomine vectors of the leishmaniases: a review.

R Killick (1989)

An account is given of work published during the past 10 years incriminating species of phlebotomine sandflies as vectors of Leishmania species which infect man. An assessment is made of the degrees of certainty of the vectorial roles of eighty-one species and subspecies of sandflies (thirty-seven Old World and forty-four New World) in the transmission of twenty-nine leishmanial parasites of mammals. At least one species of sandfly is considered to be a proven vector of each of ten parasites. Of the eighty-one sandfly taxa, evidence is judged to be sufficient to incriminate nineteen as proven vectors (eleven Phlebotomus species and eight Lutzomyia species or subspecies) and evidence for a further fourteen (nine Phlebotomus species and five Lutzomyia species or subspecies) is considered to be strong. The suggested criteria for incrimination of a vector are anthropophily and common infection with the same leishmanial parasite as that found in man in the same place. More weight should be given to natural infections persisting after the digestion of a bloodmeal than those in the presence of blood. Supporting evidence is a concordance in the distribution of the fly and the disease in man, proof that the fly feeds regularly on the reservoir host, a flourishing development of the parasite in infected flies and the experimental transmission of the parasite by the bite of the fly.

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Recent Shift in Age Pattern of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Brazil

Maria Glória Teixeira, Maria Conceição N. Costa, Giovanini Evelim Coelho … (2008)

To the Editor: Brazil is responsible for >60% of reported cases of dengue fever (DF) in the American region (a designation of the Pan American Health Organization, which includes all of North, Central and South America) ( 1 ). The epidemiologic characteristics of dengue diseases in Brazil differ from those described in Southeast Asia. In Brazil, the incidence of DF and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is highest in adults. By contrast, in Southeast Asia, DHF cases predominate and occur more often in children than in adults ( 2 , 3 ). We describe a preliminary report of a shift in age group predominance that was observed during the 2007 countrywide dengue epidemic in Brazil. The Hospital Information System is the source of data describing the distribution of DHF cases from January 1998 through December 2007 ( 4 ). In Brazil almost all patients with a diagnosis of DHF are hospitalized. This country has promulgated the use of the World Health Organization’s DHF case definitions (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision – A91). In the 2007 epidemic, a larger than normal proportion of cases were DHF (2,706), more than twice the largest number of such cases reported in previous years. Moreover, in 2007 >53% of cases were in children <15 years of age; during 1998–2006, the predominance of DHF cases were in the 20- to 40-year age group (Appendix Figure). During 1998–2006, the percentage of DHF cases in children varied from 9.5% (in 1998) to 22.6% (in 2001). Of the 2,706 DHF cases in 2007, 1,710 (63.2%) were reported from the northeast region; 1,119 (65.4%) of these were in children <15 years of age. The southeast region had the next largest number (558), accounting for 20.6% of all reported cases; however, only 26.2% were in children. Other regions with cases, central-west and northern, reported no substantial change in age distribution compared with earlier years. Among the 9 states in northeastern Brazil, DHF predominance in children was observed in Maranhao (609 cases; 92.0% in children), Rio Grande do Norte (97 cases and 77.6%), Pernambuco (316 cases and 67.0%), and Ceara (197 cases and 48.0%). The change in age distribution of cases in 2007 is unique in the modern history of dengue in Brazil and requires an explanation. Dengue 1 and 2 viruses, which were introduced in the 1990s, generated epidemics of DF characterized by a low incidence of DHF, predominantly in adults. With the introduction of dengue 3 virus in 2000–2001, DF epidemics of greater magnitude were observed, with a slightly larger fraction of DHF cases. Differences in the epidemiologic patterns in Southeast Asia and the American region have been attributed to genetic resistance in black populations and to underreporting of DHF cases, among other factors ( 2 ). These factors seem insufficient to explain the sudden change observed; should it persist—as it has in Venezuela, Colombia, Central America, and Cuba—this change may bring dengue in Brazil to a pattern closer to that of Southeast Asia ( 2 ). This change in epidemiologic pattern of dengue cases supports calls for improvement in design of dengue surveillance studies to include, where possible, population-based serologic studies. These epidemiologic changes also serve as an alert to health authorities in the American region to update their healthcare services to provide agile, opportune, and good quality care for patients, particularly children, with DHF, to reduce deaths. Supplementary Material Appendix Figure Number of hospitalizations for dengue hemorrhagic fever by age group and year of occurrence, Brazil, 1998-2007.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Gerson Oliveira Penna: Role: ND

Carla M. A. S Domingues: Role: ND

João Bosco Siqueira Jr: Role: ND

Ana Nilce S. M Elkhoury: Role: ND

Michella P Cechinel: Role: ND

Maria Aparecida de Faria Grossi: Role: ND

Marcia de Leite S Gomes: Role: ND

Joana M Sena: Role: ND

Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira: Role: ND

Francisco Edilson F Lima Júnior: Role: ND

Teresa Cristina Vieira Segatto: Role: ND

Flavia Cardoso de Melo: Role: ND

Fabiano Marques Rosa: Role: ND

Marcia Mesquita Silva: Role: ND

Renata Amadei Nicolau: Role: ND

Journal

Journal ID (publisher): abd

Title: Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

Abbreviated Title: An. Bras. Dermatol.

Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia (Rio de Janeiro )

ISSN: 1806-4841

Publication date (Print): October 2011

Volume: 86

Issue: 5

Pages: 865-877

Affiliations

[1 ] Universidade de Brasília Brazil

[2 ] Ministério da Saúde Brazil

[3 ] Ministério da Saúde Brazil

[4 ] Universidade Federal de Goiás Brazil

Article

Publisher ID: S0365-05962011000500002

DOI: 10.1590/S0365-05962011000500002

SO-VID: f1f6bcd6-cbbe-4404-9fe7-1b11d8d89e52

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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SciELO Brazil

Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0365-0596&lng=en

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Magnitude das doenças de notificação compulsória e avaliação dos indicadores de vigilância epidemiológica em municípios da linha de fronteira do Brasil, 2007 a 2009
Authors: Matheus de Paula Cerroni, Eduardo Hage Carmo

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Doenças dermatológicas de notificação compulsória no Brasil Translated title: Dermatological diseases of compulsory notification in Brazil

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Most cited references 25

Guia de vigilância epidemiológica

Phlebotomine vectors of the leishmaniases: a review.

Recent Shift in Age Pattern of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Brazil

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