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      A novel causality-centrality-based method for the analysis of the impacts of air pollutants on PM 2.5 concentrations in China

      research-article
      Author(s):
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Scientific Reports
      Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK
      Keywords: Atmospheric science, Climate change

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          Abstract

          In this paper, we analyzed the spatial and temporal causality and graph-based centrality relationship between air pollutants and PM 2.5 concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017. NO 2, SO 2, CO and O 3 were considered the main components of pollution that affected the health of people; thus, various joint regression models were built to reveal the causal direction from these individual pollutants to PM 2.5 concentrations. In this causal centrality analysis, Beijing was the most important area in the Jing-Jin-Ji region because of its developed economy and large population. Pollutants in Beijing and peripheral cities were studied. The results showed that NO 2 pollutants play a vital role in the PM 2.5 concentrations in Beijing and its surrounding areas. An obvious causality direction and betweenness centrality were observed in the northern cities compared with others, demonstrating the fact that the more developed cities were most seriously polluted. Superior performance with causal centrality characteristics in the recognition of PM 2.5 concentrations has been achieved.

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          Re-epithelialization and immune cell behaviour in an ex vivo human skin model

          Ana Rakita, Nenad Nikolić, Michael Mildner … (2020)
          A large body of literature is available on wound healing in humans. Nonetheless, a standardized ex vivo wound model without disruption of the dermal compartment has not been put forward with compelling justification. Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour. Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area. Upon six days of culture, the wound was covered with one to three-cell thick K14+Ki67+ keratinocyte layers, indicating that proliferation and migration were involved in wound closure. After eight to twelve days, a multi-layered epidermis was formed expressing epidermal differentiation markers (K10, filaggrin, DSG-1, CDSN). Investigations about immune cell-specific manners revealed more T cells in the blister roof epidermis compared to normal epidermis. We identified several cell populations in blister roof epidermis and suction blister fluid that are absent in normal epidermis which correlated with their decrease in the dermis, indicating a dermal efflux upon negative pressure. Together, our model recapitulates the main features of epithelial wound regeneration, and can be applied for testing wound healing therapies and investigating underlying mechanisms.
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            U1 snRNP regulates cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro

            Jung-Min Oh, Christopher Venters, Chao Di … (2020)
            Stimulated cells and cancer cells have widespread shortening of mRNA 3’-untranslated regions (3’UTRs) and switches to shorter mRNA isoforms due to usage of more proximal polyadenylation signals (PASs) in introns and last exons. U1 snRNP (U1), vertebrates’ most abundant non-coding (spliceosomal) small nuclear RNA, silences proximal PASs and its inhibition with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (U1 AMO) triggers widespread premature transcription termination and mRNA shortening. Here we show that low U1 AMO doses increase cancer cells’ migration and invasion in vitro by up to 500%, whereas U1 over-expression has the opposite effect. In addition to 3’UTR length, numerous transcriptome changes that could contribute to this phenotype are observed, including alternative splicing, and mRNA expression levels of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors. These findings reveal an unexpected role for U1 homeostasis (available U1 relative to transcription) in oncogenic and activated cell states, and suggest U1 as a potential target for their modulation.
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              Severe haze in northern China: A synergy of anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric processes

              Zhisheng An, Ru-Jin Huang, Renyi Zhang … (2019)
              Significance Severe haze events with large temporal/spatial coverages have occurred frequently in wintertime northern China. These extremes result from a complex interplay between emissions and atmospheric processes and provide a unique scientific platform to gain insights into many aspects of the relevant atmospheric chemistry and physics. Here we synthesize recent progress in understanding severe haze formation in northern China. In particular, we highlight that improved understanding of the emission sources, physical/chemical processes during haze evolution, and interactions with meteorological/climatic changes are necessary to unravel the causes, mechanisms, and trends for haze pollution. This viewpoint established on the basis of sound science is critical for improving haze prediction/forecast, formulating effective regulatory policies by decision makers, and raising public awareness of environmental protection.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Bocheng Wang: wangboc@cuz.edu.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 March 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 26 March 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 6960
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.449896.e, ISNI 0000 0004 1755 0017, Communication University of Zhejiang, ; Hangzhou, 310018 China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 86304
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86304-0
                PMC ID: 7997926
                PubMed ID: 33772063
                SO-VID: f2033bd8-3ce9-487c-be20-b6c5f4a2aaac
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 18 January 2021
                Date accepted : 9 March 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: LGF18A010001
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: atmospheric science,climate change
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: atmospheric science, climate change

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