Characterization of the complete mitogenome sequence of the giant panda tick  Haemaphysalis hystricis

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Abstract

The blood-sucking tick Haemaphysalis hystricis is a common ectoparasite of the giant panda and represents a significant threat to both wild and captive populations. Herein, the complete mitogenome of H. hystricis was sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology. The complete mitogenome sequence was 14,715 bp in size and encoded 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs. Phylogeny revealed that two isolates of H. hystricis, regardless of host origins and locations, grouped together and had a closer relationship with Haemaphysalis longicornis than other tick species among the genus Haemaphysalis. The cumulative mitochondrial DNA data provides novel resources for genetic and phylogenetic studies of Haemaphysalis ticks.

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Replication and transcription of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA.

D Clayton (1990)

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Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences indicates that the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, contains a cryptic species.

Thomas D Burger, Renfu Shao, Stephen Barker (2014)

Cattle ticks of the subgenus Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) are major agricultural pests worldwide, causing billions of dollars in losses annually. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and R. microplus are the most well-known and widespread species, and a third species, R. australis, was recently reinstated for 'R. microplus' from Australia and parts of Southeast Asia. We use mitochondrial genome sequences to address the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the subgenus Boophilus. We sequenced the complete or partial mitochondrial genomes of R. annulatus, R. australis, R. kohlsi, R. geigyi, and of three geographically disparate specimens of R. microplus from Brazil, Cambodia and China. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genomes, as well as cox1 and 16S rRNA sequences, reveals a species complex of R. annulatus, R. australis, and two clades of R. microplus, which we call the R. microplus complex. We show that cattle ticks morphologically identified as R. microplus from Southern China and Northern India (R. microplus clade B) are more closely related to R. annulatus than other specimens of R. microplus s.s. from Asia, South America and Africa (R. microplus clade A). Our analysis suggests that ticks reported as R. microplus from Southern China and Northern India are a cryptic species. This highlights the need for further molecular, morphological and crossbreeding studies of the R. microplus complex, with emphasis on specimens from China and India. We found that cox1 and, to a lesser extent, 16S rRNA were far more successful in resolving the phylogenetic relationships within the R. microplus complex than 12S rRNA or the nuclear marker ITS2. We suggest that future molecular studies of the R. microplus complex should focus on cox1, supplemented by 16S rRNA, and develop nuclear markers alternative to ITS2 to complement the mitochondrial data.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genomes and nuclear rRNA genes of ticks reveals a deep phylogenetic structure within the genus Haemaphysalis and further elucidates the polyphyly of the genus Amblyomma with respect to Amblyomma sphenodonti and Amblyomma elaphense.

Thomas D Burger, Renfu Shao, Stephen Barker (2013)

We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes of 3 species of metastriate ticks: Haemaphysalis formosensis, H. parva, and Amblyomma cajennense. We also sequenced two thirds (ca. 9500bp) of the mitochondrial genomes of H. humerosa and H. hystricis. We used these 5 mitochondrial genome sequences together with the 13 tick mitochondrial genomes we sequenced previously and the 2 tick mitochondrial genomes sequenced by Black and Roehrdanz (1998), as well as the nuclear rRNA genes from 84 ticks and mites, in phylogenetic analyses. Our analyses reveal deep phylogenetic structure within the genus Haemaphysalis, with at least 2 species, H. parva and H. inermis that are highly divergent from the rest of the genus Haemaphysalis. We identify a region of the 18S rRNA gene which correlates with this division of the genus Haemaphysalis as well as a novel insertion in the mitochondrial genome of H. parva. We reject the hypotheses of Hoogstraal and Aeschlimann (1982) and Barker and Murrell (2004) on the relationships among metastriate genera. Instead, our analysis provides further evidence for the division of the Metastriata into 2 major lineages: (i) Amblyomma s.s. plus Rhipicephalinae (i.e. Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma, Rhipicentor, and Dermacentor); and (ii) Haemaphysalis plus Bothriocroton plus Amblyomma sphenodonti. We also provide further evidence for the polyphyly of the genus Amblyomma with respect to A. sphenodonti and A. elaphense. The most likely position of A. elaphense is sister to the rest of the Metastriata; the most likely position of A. sphenodonti is sister to the genus Bothriocroton. These 2 species do not belong in the genus Amblyomma, and we propose that new genera are required for A. sphenodonti and A. elaphense. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

Journal ID (publisher-id): TMDN

Journal ID (publisher-id): tmdn20

Title: Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

ISSN (Electronic): 2380-2359

Publication date Collection: 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 27 February 2020

Volume: 5

Issue: 2

Pages: 1191-1193

Affiliations

[a ]Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China;

[b ]China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda , Dujiangyan, China

Author notes

[*]

Authors have contributed equally to this work.

CONTACT Chengdong Wang wolongpanda@ 123456qq.com ;

Desheng Li 1050133153@ 123456qq.com China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda , Dujiangyan 611800, China;

Yue Xie xyue1985@ 123456gmail.com Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China

Article

Publisher ID: 1731352

DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1731352

PMC ID: 7510831

PubMed ID: 33366909

SO-VID: f208f81d-d102-4e5e-8ddf-6d66020a5ac6

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 04 February 2020

Date accepted : 11 February 2020

Page count

Figures: 1, Tables: 0, Pages: 3, Words: 1550

Funding

Funded by: Project of Key Open Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in Giant Panda National Park, State Forestry and Grassland Administration

Award ID: KLSFGAGP2020.014

Funded by: National Key R&D Project of China

Award ID: 2017YFD0501706

Funded by: Giant Panda International Project

Award ID: GH201708

This study was supported by the Project of Key Open Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in Giant Panda National Park, State Forestry and Grassland Administration [No. KLSFGAGP2020.014], National Key R&D Project of China [No. 2017YFD0501706] and Giant Panda International Project [No. GH201708].

Characterization of the complete mitogenome sequence of the giant panda tick Haemaphysalis hystricis

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Abstract

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Tick microbiome

Most cited references 14

Replication and transcription of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA.

Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences indicates that the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, contains a cryptic species.

Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genomes and nuclear rRNA genes of ticks reveals a deep phylogenetic structure within the genus Haemaphysalis and further elucidates the polyphyly of the genus Amblyomma with respect to Amblyomma sphenodonti and Amblyomma elaphense.

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