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      Bazo errante: una causa infrecuente de abdomen agudo

      case-report

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          Abstract

          El síndrome de bazo errante es una condición infrecuente en la cual existe ausencia o hiperlaxitud en los elementos de fijación esplénicos que predispone a una ubicación inusual en el abdomen y mayor riesgo de torsión e infarto visceral. Su etiología puede ser congénita o adquirida y la presentación clínica es variable. El diagnóstico se basa en sospecha clínica, laboratorio y estudios por imágenes. La cirugía es el único tratamiento definitivo para esta afección. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 23 años de edad con antecedentes de episodios recurrentes de dolor en hipocondrio izquierdo desde la infancia. Al examen físico se encontraba hemodinámicamente estable, afebril y con dolor en hipocondrio izquierdo. La ecografía mostró esplenomegalia homogénea y la tomografía de abdomen evidenció un bazo aumentado de tamaño, de posición conservada, con arremolinamiento y congestión de los vasos en el hilio esplénico. Se interpretó el cuadro como isquemia esplénica secundaria a torsión del pedículo vascular. Se realizó laparoscopia exploradora que evidenció bazo de 18 cm libre en hipocondrio izquierdo, con venas varicosas en la periferia y sin ligamentos de fijación. Se realizó esplenectomía por vía laparoscópica. La anatomía patológica informó necrosis isquémica del órgano. Evolucionó favorablemente con alta hospitalaria al tercer día postoperatorio.

          Translated abstract

          Wandering spleen syndrome is a rare condition in which absence or laxity of splenic fixing elements predisposes to an unusual location in the abdomen and an increasing risk of twisting and infarction. Its etiology may be congenital or acquired and clinical presentation is variable. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, laboratory and imaging. Surgery is the only definitive treatment for this pathology. We report the case of a 23 year old woman with a history of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant since childhood. On physical examination she was afebrile, hemodynamically stable, with marked abdominal tenderness in the left upper quadrant. Ultrasonography showed homogeneous splenomegaly. Abdominal CT-scan presented an enlarged, eutopic spleen, with swirling and congestion of hilum vessels. Splenic ischemia due to organ torsion was suspected. Exploratory laparoscopy was performed showing an 18 cm in diameter spleen free in left upper quadrant, with varicose veins in the periphery and without fixing ligaments. Laparoscopic splenectomy was completed. The pathology report showed ischemic necrosis of the organ. The patient progressed favorably and was discharged on the third postoperative day.

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          Laparoscopic Mesh Splenopexy (Sandwich Technique) for Wandering Spleen

          Background: Wandering spleen is a rare clinical condition caused by incomplete fusion of the 4 primary splenic ligaments, allowing the spleen to be mobile within the abdomen, predisposing to splenic torsion along the vascular pedicle leading to splenomegaly and infarction, often diagnosed in an emergency setting. Methods: The wandering spleen diagnosis was achieved by ultrasound in our case. We successfully treated the patient with laparoscopic splenopexy because the size was almost normal, and no infarction or evidence of hypersplenism was present. We used the sandwich technique in which 2 meshes sandwich the spleen. Results: This technique was found to be highly satisfactory as a treatment for wandering spleen. The patient was discharged on the third postoperative day with no intra-operative or postoperative complications. Conclusion: Laparoscopy usually confirms the diagnosis.Recommended surgical procedures are splenopexy or splenectomy. Splenopexy is feasible, less invasive, and does not diminish splenic function.
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            Wandering Spleen Presenting as Recurrent Pancreatitis

            Introduction: A wandering spleen occurs when there is a laxity of the ligaments that fix the spleen in its normal anatomical position. Case Report: We present the case of a wandering spleen in a 20-year-old female who presented with recurrent pancreatitis and underwent a laparoscopic splenectomy. Discussion: The presentation of a wandering spleen varies from an asymptomatic mass to splenic infarct with an acute abdomen. Its correct diagnosis relies mostly on imaging studies. Treatment consists of performing either splenectomy or splenopexy. Conclusion: The diagnosis of wandering spleen can often be difficult due to the intermittent nature of the torsion. Computed tomography studies for diagnosis and laparoscopic surgery have changed the management of this interesting disease.
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              Torsion of a wandering spleen.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                medba
                Medicina (Buenos Aires)
                Medicina (B. Aires)
                Fundación Revista Medicina (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                0025-7680
                1669-9106
                February 2017
                : 77
                : 1
                : 43-45
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameHospital Alemán de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Departamento de Cirugía orgdiv2Servicio de Cirugía General Argentina
                Article
                S0025-76802017000100009
                f2117c37-89eb-4700-baee-4061e1069090

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 April 2016
                : 01 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Bazo errante,Esplenomegalia,Esplenectomía,Abdomen agudo,Wandering spleen,Splenomegaly,Splenectomy,Acute abdomen

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