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      Physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory mucosa of the nose and the paranasal sinuses

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          Abstract

          In this review, anatomy and physiology of the respiratory mucosa of nose and paranasal sinuses are summarized under the aspect of its clinical significance. Basics of endonasal cleaning including mucociliary clearance and nasal reflexes, as well as defence mechanisms are explained. Physiological wound healing, aspects of endonasal topical medical therapy and typical diagnostic procedures to evaluate the respiratory functions are presented. Finally, the pathophysiologies of different subtypes of non-allergic rhinitis are outlined together with treatment recommendations.

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          The ciliopathies: an emerging class of human genetic disorders.

          Jose L Badano, Norimasa Mitsuma, Phil Beales … (2006)
          Cilia and flagella are ancient, evolutionarily conserved organelles that project from cell surfaces to perform diverse biological roles, including whole-cell locomotion; movement of fluid; chemo-, mechano-, and photosensation; and sexual reproduction. Consistent with their stringent evolutionary conservation, defects in cilia are associated with a range of human diseases, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, hydrocephalus, polycystic liver and kidney disease, and some forms of retinal degeneration. Recent evidence indicates that ciliary defects can lead to a broader set of developmental and adult phenotypes, with mutations in ciliary proteins now associated with nephronophthisis, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Alstrom syndrome, and Meckel-Gruber syndrome. The molecular data linking seemingly unrelated clinical entities are beginning to highlight a common theme, where defects in ciliary structure and function can lead to a predictable phenotypic pattern that has potentially predictive and therapeutic value.
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            The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter.

            Dana V Wallace, Mark Dykewicz, David I Bernstein … (2008)
            Article 0 comments Cited 221 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections.

              Arnold Monto (2002)
              Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illnesses in all individuals, regardless of age or gender. Epidemiologic surveys and community-based studies conducted since the beginning of the 20th century have determined the rates of illness and the pathogens involved in such infections. These studies have shown that rhinoviruses cause the great majority of these respiratory illnesses, and their findings have examined the means of transmission of respiratory illness. More recently, advances in diagnostic techniques have enabled more complete identification of the viruses involved in respiratory infections, which has aided in the ability to direct specific therapeutic agents at the causative pathogens.
              Article 0 comments Cited 145 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg
                Journal ID (publisher-id): GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg
                Title: GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
                Publisher: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                ISSN (Electronic): 1865-1011
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 April 2011
                Publication date Collection: 2010
                Volume: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: Doc07
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Greifswald, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Achim G. Beule, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 43-45, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Tel.: 0049-3834-866202, Fax: 0049-3834-866201, E-mail: achim.beule@ 123456uni-greifswald.de
                Article
                Publisher ID: cto000071 Publisher Item ID: Doc07 Other ID: urn:nbn:de:0183-cto0000719
                DOI: 10.3205/cto000071
                PMC ID: 3199822
                PubMed ID: 22073111
                SO-VID: f25488f8-9aa4-4795-aa9c-88085b4d39d9
                Copyright © Copyright © 2011 Beule
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.

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                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Surgery
                Keywords: non-allergic rhinitis,nasal cycle,mucociliary clearance,physiology,pathophysiology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Surgery
                Keywords: non-allergic rhinitis, nasal cycle, mucociliary clearance, physiology, pathophysiology

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