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      Concurrent auditory perception difficulties in older adults with right hemisphere cerebrovascular accident

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          Abstract

          Background: Older adults with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) show evidence of auditory and speech perception problems. In present study, it was examined whether these problems are due to impairments of concurrent auditory segregation procedure which is the basic level of auditory scene analysis and auditory organization in auditory scenes with competing sounds.

          Methods: Concurrent auditory segregation using competing sentence test (CST) and dichotic digits test (DDT) was assessed and compared in 30 male older adults (15 normal and 15 cases with right hemisphere CVA) in the same age groups (60-75 years old). For the CST, participants were presented with target message in one ear and competing message in the other one. The task was to listen to target sentence and repeat back without attention to competing sentence. For the DDT, auditory stimuli were monosyllabic digits presented dichotically and the task was to repeat those.

          Results: Comparing mean score of CST and DDT between CVA patients with right hemisphere impairment and normal participants showed statistically significant difference (p=0.001 for CST and p<0.0001 for DDT).

          Conclusion: The present study revealed that abnormal CST and DDT scores of participants with right hemisphere CVA could be related to concurrent segregation difficulties. These findings suggest that low level segregation mechanisms and/or high level attention mechanisms might contribute to the problems.

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          Most cited references15

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          How young and old adults listen to and remember speech in noise.

          M Daneman, B. Schneider, Patrick Fuller (1994)
          Two experiments using the materials of the Revised Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN-R) Test [Bilger et al., J. Speech Hear. Res. 27, 32-48 (1984)] were conducted to investigate age-related differences in the identification and the recall of sentence-final words heard in a babble background. In experiment 1, the level of the babble was varied to determine psychometric functions (percent correct word identification as a function of S/N ratio) for presbycusics, old adults with near-normal hearing, and young normal-hearing adults, when the sentence-final words were either predictable (high context) or unpredictable (low context). Differences between the psychometric functions for high- and low-context conditions were used to show that both groups of old listeners derived more benefit from supportive context than did young listeners. In experiment 2, a working memory task [Daneman and Carpenter, J. Verb. Learn. Verb. Behav. 19, 450-466 (1980)] was added to the SPIN task for young and old adults. Specifically, after listening to and identifying the sentence-final words for a block of n sentences, the subjects were asked to recall the last n words that they had identified. Old subjects recalled fewer of the items they had perceived than did young subjects in all S/N conditions, even though there was no difference in the recall ability of the two age groups when sentences were read. Furthermore, the number of items recalled by both age groups was reduced in adverse S/N conditions. The resutls were interpreted as supporting a processing model in which reallocable processing resources are used to support auditory processing when listening becomes difficult either because of noise, or because of age-related deterioration in the auditory system. Because of this reallocation, these resources are unavailable to more central cognitive processes such as the storage and retrieval functions of working memory, so that "upstream" processing of auditory information is adversely affected.
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            Effects of attention on neuroelectric correlates of auditory stream segregation.

            Joel S. Snyder, Claude Alain, Terence Picton (2006)
            A general assumption underlying auditory scene analysis is that the initial grouping of acoustic elements is independent of attention. The effects of attention on auditory stream segregation were investigated by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants either attended to sound stimuli and indicated whether they heard one or two streams or watched a muted movie. The stimuli were pure-tone ABA--patterns that repeated for 10.8 sec with a stimulus onset asynchrony between A and B tones of 100 msec in which the A tone was fixed at 500 Hz, the B tone could be 500, 625, 750, or 1000 Hz, and--was a silence. In both listening conditions, an enhancement of the auditory-evoked response (P1-N1-P2 and N1c) to the B tone varied with Deltaf and correlated with perception of streaming. The ERP from 150 to 250 msec after the beginning of the repeating ABA- patterns became more positive during the course of the trial and was diminished when participants ignored the tones, consistent with behavioral studies indicating that streaming takes several seconds to build up. The N1c enhancement and the buildup over time were larger at right than left temporal electrodes, suggesting a right-hemisphere dominance for stream segregation. Sources in Heschl's gyrus accounted for the ERP modulations related to Deltaf-based segregation and buildup. These findings provide evidence for two cortical mechanisms of streaming: automatic segregation of sounds and attention-dependent buildup process that integrates successive tones within streams over several seconds.
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              Effect of a single interfering noise or speech source upon the binaural sentence intelligibility of aged persons.

              Rene Duquesnoy (1983)
              The free-field speech-reception threshold (SRT) for sentences was investigated in quiet and under nine conditions involving noise or competing speech for a group of 20 elderly subjects (ten male, age 75-85; ten female, age 76-88) and a reference group of ten young normal-hearing subjects. The noise source had the same long-term average spectrum as the competing speech. The interfering signals were presented at a constant level of 55 dBA. All elderly subjects had moderate, nearly symmetrical pure-tone hearing losses with an average loss at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz of between 9 and 40 dB re: ISO-389. The main results are (1) the SRT values in noise and competing speech are about equal, whereas the normal-hearing subjects showed a lower SRT (7 dB lower for the condition that both sound sources are in front) in competing speech than in noise; apparently, the elderly subjects do not benefit from the relatively silent periods in competing speech; (2) the gain obtained by moving the interfering noise source from the front to the lateral position is only 2.5 dB, in contrast to a gain of 9.6 dB for the young subjects; apparently, the elderly are unable to make full use of the spatial divergence between primary speaker and noise source.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Med J Islam Repub Iran
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Med J Islam Repub Iran
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MJIRI
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Med J Islam Repub Iran
                Title: Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
                Publisher: Iran University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1016-1430
                ISSN (Electronic): 2251-6840
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 November 2014
                Volume: 28
                Page: 130
                Affiliations
                1. PhD of Audiology, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. ht6023@ 123456gmail.com
                2. Associate Professor, Department of Audiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. amoossavi@ 123456gmail.com
                3. Professor of Statistics, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. s.faghihzadeh@ 123456gmail.com
                Author notes
                (Corresponding author) PhD of Audiology, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. ht6023@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                PMC ID: 4313452
                SO-VID: f256e964-d4bd-4b5a-a9eb-26bbf7807e73
                Copyright © © 2014 Iran University of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 License (CC BY-NC 3.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

                History
                Date received : 17 December 2013
                Date accepted : 19 February 2014
                Page count
                Tables: 1, References: 25, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: older adults,cerebrovascular accident (cva),auditory attention,auditory segregation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: older adults, cerebrovascular accident (cva), auditory attention, auditory segregation

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