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      The Importance of Parents’ Behavior in their Children’s Enjoyment and Amotivation in Sports

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          Abstract

          The main aim of the research was to examine the relationship between motivational orientations and parents’ behavior with regard to the players’ motivational orientation, motivational climate, enjoyment and amotivation. The sample comprised 723 athletes (M = 12.37, SD = 1.48) and 723 parents (M = 46.46, SD = 2.56). Players were male and female who belonged to federative basketball, handball, football and volleyball teams. Parents and athletes completed questionnaires that assessed motivational orientations, parents’ involvement in the practice as well as enjoyment and motivation in the sport. Results showed a positive relationship between parents’ support of the sport and players’ enjoyment and a negative relationship with players’ amotivation. Moreover, in players who perceived more pressure from their parents, there was a positive association with amotivation and a negative one with enjoyment. Lastly, it was emphasized that appropriate parental participation can promote an increase of players’ enjoyment of and motivation for sport.

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          Effects of health-related physical education on academic achievement: project SPARK.

          The effects of a 2-year health-related school physical education program on standardized academic achievement scores was assessed in 759 children who completed Metropolitan Achievement Tests before and after the program. Schools were randomly assigned to condition: (a) Specialists taught the Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids curriculum; (b) classroom teachers were trained to implement the curriculum; and (c) controls continued their usual programs. The Trained Teacher condition was superior to Control on Language, Reading, and Basic Battery. The Specialist condition was superior to Control on Reading, but inferior on Language. Despite devoting twice as many minutes per week to physical education as Controls, the health-related physical education program did not interfere with academic achievement. Health-related physical education may have favorable effects on students' academic achievement.
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            Achievement goals in sport: the development and validation of the Perception of Success Questionnaire.

            Recent research into motivation and achievement behaviour in sport has focused on achievement goal theory. This theory states that two goal orientations manifest themselves in achievement contexts and impact on the motivation process. These two goals have been defined as 'task' and 'ego' goal orientations. This paper traces the development of the Perception of Success Questionnaire as a measure of achievement goals developed specifically for the sport context. The early development of the questionnaire is documented, in which the scale was shortened from the initial 29 to the current 12 question format. We demonstrate that task and ego goals are orthogonal, internal reliabilities for the orientations are high, with strong construct and concurrent validity. We conclude by reporting results from two recent confirmatory factor analyses that were conducted on the Children's and Adult versions of the questionnaire; these results show the Perception of Success Questionnaire to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure achievement goal orientations in sport.
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              Parental involvement in competitive youth sport settings

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Hum Kinet
                J Hum Kinet
                JHK
                Journal of Human Kinetics
                Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Katowicach
                1640-5544
                1899-7562
                March 2013
                28 March 2013
                : 36
                : 169-177
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Teaching Education, University of Extremadura.
                [2 ]Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura.
                Author notes

                Authors submitted their contribution of the article to the editorial board.

                Corresponding author: Pedro Antonio Sánchez Miguel, Faculty of Teaching Education, University of Extremadura., C/ Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10071, Cáceres, Spain., Phone: +34927257049, Fax: +34927257051, Email: pesanchezm@ 123456unex.es
                Article
                jhk-36-169
                10.2478/hukin-2013-0017
                3661888
                23717366
                f26314ad-5095-45e7-9769-ba2bce5f4921
                © Editorial Committee of Journal of Human Kinetics

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : March 2013
                Categories
                Research Article
                Section IV – Sports Psychology

                team sports,amotivation,athletes,family
                team sports, amotivation, athletes, family

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