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      Recuperación natural del bosque siempreverde afectado por tala rasa y quema en la Reserva Costera Valdiviana, Chile Translated title: Natural recovery of the evergreen forest affected by clearcutting and burning in the Valdivian Coastal Reserve, Chile

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          Abstract

          El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la recuperación natural del bosque siempreverde afectado por tala rasa, quema y abandono hace más de una década en un sitio ubicado en la Reserva Costera Valdiviana (39° 56' S - 73° 40' O). Se establecieron 27 parcelas circulares (50,2 m²) y ocho subparcelas en cada una de ellas, registrando la composición florística y determinando la estructura cuantitativa, diamétrica y etárea. Los resultados indican una riqueza de 77 especies de plantas vasculares (84,4 % nativas), donde Lophosoria quadripinnata presenta la mayor cobertura relativa (20,7 %). La presencia de un 35 % de hemicriptófitas evidencia el fuerte impacto antrópico ocurrido en el área de estudio. La principal forma de crecimiento es la arbórea, donde Drimys winteri, Saxegothaea conspicua y Amomyrtus luma presentaron la mayor densidad. Estas dos últimas especies se desarrollaron bajo la cobertura de Chusquea macrostachya y Lophosoria quadripinnata. Drimys winteri y Embothrium coccineum se establecieron inmediatamente luego del disturbio antrópico de tala rasa y quema, confirmando el carácter pionero de ambas especies luego de disturbios de gran severidad. La regeneración de Nothofagus nitida fue escasa en el área, probablemente asociada a la baja disponibilidad y capacidad de dispersión de semillas desde bosques aledaños. La comprensión de la respuesta temprana de los bosques siempreverdes afectados por disturbios antrópicos es de gran importancia para asistir y guiar la restauración ecológica de estos ecosistemas forestales.

          Translated abstract

          This study aimed at understanding the natural recovery of the evergreen forest a decade after being affected by clearcutting and burning, in a site located in the Valdivian Coastal Reserve (39°56' S-73°40' W). A total of 27 circular (50.2 m²) plots with eight subplots each were established. Floristic composition was recorded and quantitative, diametric and age structures were determined. The results show a richness of 77 vascular species (84.4 % natives), with Lophosoria quadripinnata presenting the highest relative cover (20.7 %). The presence of hemicryptophytes (35 %) indicates human intervention in the place. Trees were the main form of growth, being Drimys winteri, Saxegothaea conspicua and Amomyrtus luma the species with higher plant density. The latter two species growing under Chusquea macrostachya and Lophosoria quadripinnata cover. Drimys winteri and Embothrium coccineum were established immediately after the anthropogenic disturbance of clearcutting and burning, confirming the pioneering character of these two species after highly severe disturbances. Regeneration of Nothofagus nitida was scarce in the area, probably associated with low availability and seed dispersal capacity from surrounding forests. Understanding the early response of evergreen forests affected by anthropogenic disturbance is very important for assisting and guiding the ecological restoration of these forest ecosystems.

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          Positive interactions among plants

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            Effect of a tourist-ignited wildfire on Nothofagus pumilio forests at Torres del Paine biosphere reserve, Chile (Southern Patagonia)

            This study describes the impact of a wildfire caused by a tourist at Torres del Paine Biosphere Reserve in 2005, which destroyed approximately 2,000 ha of forests. Changes on biodiversity attributes of Nothofagus pumilio stands including structure, floristic composition and regeneration, are shown. We compared three plot groups having similar site and structure: Cordón Masle burned plots (CMBP); Cordón Masle unburned plots (CMUP), adjacent to the first ones; and Cerro Paine unburned plots (CPUP), outside the fire perimeter. Data was analyzed using univariate (Mann-Whitney) and multivariate (MRPP and ISA) non-parametric analysis. In CMBP, the fire reduced in average 91.7 % of the tree density and 70.9 % of the basal area. In the unburned plots the average of seedling was 23,625 and 22,750 ha-1 in CPUP and CMUP respectively, whereas in burned ones it was only 1,125 ha-1 in CMBP. Canopy layer collapsed and species richness and cover on ground increased significantly in burned plots. The average of exotics increased from 1.5 and 0.6 in CPUP and CMUP respectively to 11.9 in CMBP. Tree mortality, lower regeneration, biological invasion and broken canopy-ground balance in burned stands, are altering the successional pathways of forests, making difficult the forest regeneration and restoration efforts. Based on this information, we propose managers to encourage efforts in fire prevention and to incorporate a database on biodiversity indicators for management plans, in order to know more about the ecological integrity of ecosystems and the impacts provoked by recreation.
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              Antecedentes básicos para la silvicultura del tipo forestal siempreverde

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bosque
                Bosque (Valdivia)
                Bosque (Valdivia)
                Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales (Valdivia, , Chile )
                0717-9200
                2014
                : 35
                : 3
                : 257-267
                Affiliations
                [01] Valdivia orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales orgdiv2Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio Chile
                [02] Temuco orgnameUniversidad Católica de Temuco orgdiv1Facultad de Recursos Naturales orgdiv2Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales Chile maromero@ 123456uct.cl
                Article
                S0717-92002014000300001 S0717-9200(14)03500300001
                f266d571-e16d-4e09-8e2d-289ba95bcc92

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 January 2014
                : 27 June 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS

                floristic diversity,bosque siempreverde,tala rasa,diversidad florística,quema,evergreen forest,clearcutting,burning

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