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      Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on all aspects of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Sign up for email alerts here.

      63,741 Monthly downloads/views I 2.989 Impact Factor I 4.5 CiteScore I 1.09 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 0.744 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Type D personality as a predictor of self-efficacy and social support in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Type D personality and assess the relationship between this personality type and self-efficacy/social support in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

          Patients and methods

          From January 1, 2014, to July 31, 2014, 532 consecutive patients with T2DM were recruited from two hospitals in Guangzhou, China. The participants completed questionnaires containing questions about sociodemographic characteristics, Type D personality, self-efficacy, and social support scales, and their medical records were reviewed for additional data.

          Results

          Of the 532 patients, 18.2% had Type D personality. Patients with this personality type reported significantly lower levels of self-efficacy ( P<0.001), total social support ( P<0.001), subjective support ( P<0.001), and support utilization ( P=0.003), but similar level of objective support ( P=0.314), compared to those of patients without Type D personality. Negative affectivity and social inhibition, two intrinsic traits of Type D personality, negatively correlated with self-efficacy and social support scores. Type D personality was significantly associated with less self-efficacy and social support ( P<0.001), controlling for other sociodemographic factors. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients with Type D personality than in patients with non-Type D personality.

          Conclusion

          This study provides new evidence linking Type D personality with self-efficacy, social support, and poor glycemic control, highlighting the special need for care among T2DM patients with Type D personality.

          Most cited references30

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          DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality.

          Johan Denollet (2005)
          Type D personality-a joint tendency toward negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI)-is related to poor cardiac prognosis, but there is no standard for assessing Type D. This study reports on the Type D Scale-14 (DS14) as a standard measure of NA, SI, and Type D. The study included 3813 participants (2508 from the general population, 573 cardiac patients, 732 hypertension patients). They all filled out the DS14, containing 7-item NA and SI subscales; 275 subjects also completed the NEO-FFI, and 121 patients filled out the DS14 twice. Factor analysis of the DS14 yielded 2 dominant traits; all of the NA and SI items loaded between 0.62 to 0.82 on their corresponding factor (N = 3678). The NA scale covered dysphoria, worry, and irritability; the SI scale covered discomfort in social interactions, reticence, and lack of social poise. The NA and SI scales were internally consistent (alpha = 0.88/0.86; N = 3678), stable over a 3-month period (test-retest r = 0.72/0.82) and not dependent on mood and health status (N = 121). NA correlated positively with neuroticism (r = 0.68); SI correlated negatively with extraversion (r = -0.59/-0.65). Scale-level factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the DS14 against the NEO-FFI. Using a cutoff of 10 (NA > or =10 and SI > or =10), 1027 subjects (28%) were classified as Type D, 21% in the general population versus 28% in coronary heart disease and 53% in hypertension (p < or = .001). Age, sex, and Type D (odds ratio, 3.98; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-4.6; p <.0001) were independently associated with cardiovascular morbidity. The DS14 is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of negative affectivity and social inhibition that could readily be incorporated in epidemiologic and clinical research.
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            Is self-efficacy associated with diabetes self-management across race/ethnicity and health literacy?

            Lawrence Fisher, Urmimala Sarkar, Dean Schillinger (2006)
            Although prior research demonstrated that improving diabetes self-efficacy can improve self-management behavior, little is known about the applicability of this research across race/ethnicity and health literacy levels. We examined the relationship between diabetes self-efficacy and self-management behavior in an urban, diverse, low-income population with a high prevalence of limited health literacy. We administered an oral questionnaire in Spanish and English to patients with type 2 diabetes at two primary care clinics at a public hospital. We measured self-efficacy, health literacy, and self-management behaviors using established instruments. We performed multivariate regressions to explore the associations between self-efficacy and self-management, adjusting for clinical and demographic factors. We tested for interactions between self-efficacy, race/ethnicity, and health literacy on self-management. The study participants were ethnically diverse (18% Asian/Pacific Islander, 25% African American, 42% Latino/a, and 15% white), and 52% had limited health literacy (short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults score <23). Diabetes self-efficacy was associated with four of the five self-management domains (P < 0.01). After adjustment, with each 10% increase in self-efficacy score, patients were more likely to report optimal diet (0.14 day more per week), exercise (0.09 day more per week), self-monitoring of blood glucose (odds ratio 1.16), and foot care (1.22), but not medication adherence (1.10, P = 0.40). The associations between self-efficacy and self-management were consistent across race/ethnicity and health literacy levels. Self-efficacy was associated with self-management behaviors in this vulnerable population, across both race/ethnicity and health literacy levels. However, the magnitude of the associations suggests that, among diverse populations, further study of the determinants of and barriers to self-management is warranted. Policy efforts should be focused on expanding the reach of self-management interventions to include ethnically diverse populations across the spectrum of health literacy.
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              Type D personality, mental distress, social support and health-related quality of life in coronary artery disease patients with heart failure: a longitudinal observational study

              Margarita Staniute, Julija Brozaitiene, Julius Burkauskas … (2015)
              Background The relationship between Type D personality and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in coronary artery disease patients is becoming more established, however, the factors that may explain this association remain unclear. The objective of the study was to examine the mediating effects of mental distress and social support on the relationship between the Type D personality and HRQoL in CAD patients with heart failure. Methods A total of 855 CAD patients with heart failure were assessed on Type D personality, mental distress, perceived social support and HRQoL with the following self-administered questionnaires: the Type D personality scale - 14, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of Type D personality within the study population was 33.5%. Type D personality, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and social support were all found to be determinants of decreased HRQoL (p’s < 0.001), once age, gender, NYHA functional class and acute myocardial infarction were adjusted for. Anxiety, depressive symptoms and social support were found to mediate the relationship between Type D personality and HRQoL. Type D personality exerted a stable effect on HRQoL over 24 months follow-up period. Conclusions Type D personality has an independent significant effect on the HRQoL in CAD patients with heart failure, and this relation is mediated by anxiety and depressive symptoms, social support.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
                Title: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Print): 1176-6328
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2021
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 March 2017
                Volume: 13
                Pages: 855-861
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
                [2 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
                [3 ]Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital
                [4 ]Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Chengsong Wan, Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 20 6164 8304, Email gzcswan@ 123456163.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: ndt-13-855
                DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S128432
                PMC ID: 5365332
                PubMed ID: 28360523
                SO-VID: f27c668a-1991-42cf-bc16-2970a2ad408b
                Copyright © © 2017 Shao et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited
                License:

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Keywords: type d personality,social support,self-efficacy,glycemic control,type 2 diabetes mellitus
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Keywords: type d personality, social support, self-efficacy, glycemic control, type 2 diabetes mellitus

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