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      Trait phenomenological control predicts experience of mirror synaesthesia and the rubber hand illusion

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          Abstract

          In hypnotic responding, expectancies arising from imaginative suggestion drive striking experiential changes (e.g., hallucinations) — which are experienced as involuntary — according to a normally distributed and stable trait ability (hypnotisability). Such experiences can be triggered by implicit suggestion and occur outside the hypnotic context. In large sample studies (of 156, 404 and 353 participants), we report substantial relationships between hypnotisability and experimental measures of experiential change in mirror-sensory synaesthesia and the rubber hand illusion comparable to relationships between hypnotisability and individual hypnosis scale items. The control of phenomenology to meet expectancies arising from perceived task requirements can account for experiential change in psychological experiments.

          Abstract

          The authors present large sample studies showing substantial relationships between measures of embodiment (the rubber hand illusion and mirror synaesthesia) and trait imaginative suggestibility in the hypnotic context. These measures of striking experiential change may therefore be confounded by suggestion effects.

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          On the social psychology of the psychological experiment: With particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications.

          Martin T. Orne (1962)
          Article 0 comments Cited 161 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb.

            H. Ehrsson, Charles Spence, Richard E. Passingham (2004)
            When we look at our hands, we immediately know that they are part of our own body. This feeling of ownership of our limbs is a fundamental aspect of self-consciousness. We have studied the neuronal counterparts of this experience. A perceptual illusion was used to manipulate feelings of ownership of a rubber hand presented in front of healthy subjects while brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neural activity in the premotor cortex reflected the feeling of ownership of the hand. This suggests that multisensory integration in the premotor cortex provides a mechanism for bodily self-attribution.
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              Perception of Body Ownership Is Driven by Bayesian Sensory Inference

              Majed Samad, Albert Chung, Ladan Shams (2015)
              Recent studies have shown that human perception of body ownership is highly malleable. A well-known example is the rubber hand illusion (RHI) wherein ownership over a dummy hand is experienced, and is generally believed to require synchronized stroking of real and dummy hands. Our goal was to elucidate the computational principles governing this phenomenon. We adopted the Bayesian causal inference model of multisensory perception and applied it to visual, proprioceptive, and tactile stimuli. The model reproduced the RHI, predicted that it can occur without tactile stimulation, and that synchronous stroking would enhance it. Various measures of ownership across two experiments confirmed the predictions: a large percentage of individuals experienced the illusion in the absence of any tactile stimulation, and synchronous stroking strengthened the illusion. Altogether, these findings suggest that perception of body ownership is governed by Bayesian causal inference—i.e., the same rule that appears to govern the perception of outside world.
              Article 0 comments Cited 86 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                P. Lush:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-1699
                p.lush@sussex.ac.uk
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Commun
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Commun
                Title: Nature Communications
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-1723
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 September 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 September 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4853
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.12082.39, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7590, Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, , University of Sussex, ; Falmer, BN1 9RH UK
                [2 ]GRID grid.12082.39, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7590, Department of Informatics, Chichester Building, , University of Sussex, ; Falmer, BN1 9RH UK
                [3 ]GRID grid.12082.39, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7590, School of Psychology, Pevensey Building, , University of Sussex, ; Falmer, BN1 9RH UK
                [4 ]GRID grid.440050.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0408 2525, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Program on Brain, Mind, and Consciousness, ; Toronto, ON M5G 1M1 Canada
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-1699
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-6051
                Article
                Publisher ID: 18591
                DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18591-6
                PMC ID: 7519080
                PubMed ID: 32978377
                SO-VID: f27d1c09-c24d-4a9c-81d9-8f4c3df355e3
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 21 October 2019
                Date accepted : 24 August 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: psychology,human behaviour
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: psychology, human behaviour

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