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      Standards and Guidelines in Telemedicine and Telehealth

      review-article
      1 , * , 2
      Healthcare
      MDPI
      telemedicine, standards, guidelines, practice, research

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          Abstract

          The development of guidelines and standards for telemedicine is an important and valuable process to help insure effective and safe delivery of quality healthcare. Some organizations, such as the American Telemedicine Association (ATA), have made the development of standards and guidelines a priority. The practice guidelines developed so far have been well received by the telemedicine community and are being adopted in numerous practices, as well as being used in research to support the practice and growth of telemedicine. Studies that utilize published guidelines not only help bring them into greater public awareness, but they also provide evidence needed to validate existing guidelines and guide the revision of future versions. Telemedicine will continue to grow and be adopted by more healthcare practitioners and patients in a wide variety of forms not just in the traditional clinical environments, and practice guidelines will be a key factor in fostering this growth. Creation of guidelines is important to payers and regulators as well as increasingly they are adopting and integrating them into regulations and policies. This paper will review some of the recent ATA efforts in developing telemedicine practice guidelines, review the role of research in guidelines development, review data regarding their use, and discuss some of areas where guidelines are still needed.

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          Most cited references51

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          A model for assessment of telemedicine applications: mast.

          Telemedicine applications could potentially solve many of the challenges faced by the healthcare sectors in Europe. However, a framework for assessment of these technologies is need by decision makers to assist them in choosing the most efficient and cost-effective technologies. Therefore in 2009 the European Commission initiated the development of a framework for assessing telemedicine applications, based on the users' need for information for decision making. This article presents the Model for ASsessment of Telemedicine applications (MAST) developed in this study. MAST was developed through workshops with users and stakeholders of telemedicine. Based on the workshops and using the EUnetHTA Core HTA Model as a starting point a three-element model was developed, including: (i) preceding considerations, (ii) multidisciplinary assessment, and (iii) transferability assessment. In the multidisciplinary assessment, the outcomes of telemedicine applications comprise seven domains, based on the domains in the EUnetHTA model. MAST provides a structure for future assessment of telemedicine applications. MAST will be tested during 2010-13 in twenty studies of telemedicine applications in nine European countries in the EC project Renewing Health.
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            Adapting clinical practice guidelines to local context and assessing barriers to their use.

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              The taxonomy of telemedicine.

              The purpose of this article is to present a taxonomy for telemedicine. The field has markedly grown, with an increasing number of applications, a variety of technologies, and newly introduced terminology. A taxonomy would serve to bring conceptual clarity to this burgeoning set of alternatives to in-person healthcare delivery. The article starts with a brief discussion of the importance of taxonomy as an information management strategy to improve knowledge sharing, facilitate research and policy initiatives, and provide some guidance for the orderly development of telemedicine. We provide a conceptual context for the proliferation of related concepts, such as telehealth, e-health, and m-health, as well as a classification of the content of these concepts. Our main concern is to develop an explicit taxonomy of telemedicine and to demonstrate how it can be used to provide definitive information about the true effects of telemedicine in terms of cost, quality, and access. Taxonomy development and refinement is an iterative process. If this initial attempt at classification proves useful, subject matter experts could enhance the development and proliferation of telemedicine by testing, revising, and verifying this taxonomy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Healthcare (Basel)
                Healthcare (Basel)
                healthcare
                Healthcare
                MDPI
                2227-9032
                12 February 2014
                March 2014
                : 2
                : 1
                : 74-93
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, 1609 N Warren Bldg 211, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
                [2 ]American Telemedicine Association, Washington, DC 20036, USA; E-Mail: JBernard@ 123456americantelemed.org
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: krupinski@ 123456radiology.arizona.edu ; Tel.: +1-520-626-4498; Fax: +1-520-626-4376.
                Article
                healthcare-02-00074
                10.3390/healthcare2010074
                4934495
                27429261
                f2bcd0e4-1cd0-4293-9dd9-1d342e59ea6a
                © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 10 December 2013
                : 14 January 2014
                : 07 February 2014
                Categories
                Review

                telemedicine,standards,guidelines,practice,research
                telemedicine, standards, guidelines, practice, research

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