The retrosplenial cortex and long-term spatial memory: from the cell to the network

Highlights

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  The role of the retrosplenial cortex remains poorly understood in humans.

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  Animal models, including rodents, offer improved experimental access and control.

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  Combining multimodal approaches supports retrosplenial importance for spatial memory.

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  Immediate-early gene imaging can visualise retrosplenial neural ensembles.

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  Novel neuroscience techniques must be combined with well-designed behavioural assays.

Abstract

In this review we briefly outline how lesion studies, temporary inactivation and neural activity assays have helped update functional models of the retrosplenial cortex, a region critical for episodic and spatial memory. We advocate for the continued importance of appropriately designed behavioural studies in the context of novel experimental methods, such as optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations. At the same time, we caution against the overreliance on any given level of analysis or experimental technique. Complementary, multimodal strategies are required for understanding how the retrosplenial cortex contributes to the formation and storage of memories both at a structural and systems-level.