Influence of Charging Parameters on the Burden Flow Velocity and Distribution on the Blast Furnace Chute Based on Discrete Element Method

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Abstract

The charging parameters at the top of a blast furnace are key factors that influence the burden flow trajectory and burden surface. To analyze the influence of the charging parameters on the burden flow velocity and distribution, a 1:8 bell‐less blast furnace scale discrete element method model is first established. The coordinate transformation method is adopted to obtain the position information of the particles relative to the chute, and a method for calculating the burden flow density based on the number of truncated particles is proposed to determine the burden flow distribution area. The influence of charging parameters, such as the flow valve opening, chute angle, and rotating speed on the burden flow velocity and distribution is analyzed. The results indicate that changing the charging parameters will change the burden flow velocity, and that the chute angle has the greatest influence on the burden flow velocity while the influence of the other two parameters is almost negligible. Increasing the flow valve opening, chute angle and rotating speed will increase the radial movement distance of the burden flow, whereas too large flow valve opening may reduce the radial movement distance.

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A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies

P. Cundall, O. D. L. Strack (1979)

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A constitutive law for dense granular flows.

Pierre Jop, Yoël Forterre, Olivier Pouliquen (2006)

A continuum description of granular flows would be of considerable help in predicting natural geophysical hazards or in designing industrial processes. However, the constitutive equations for dry granular flows, which govern how the material moves under shear, are still a matter of debate. One difficulty is that grains can behave like a solid (in a sand pile), a liquid (when poured from a silo) or a gas (when strongly agitated). For the two extreme regimes, constitutive equations have been proposed based on kinetic theory for collisional rapid flows, and soil mechanics for slow plastic flows. However, the intermediate dense regime, where the granular material flows like a liquid, still lacks a unified view and has motivated many studies over the past decade. The main characteristics of granular liquids are: a yield criterion (a critical shear stress below which flow is not possible) and a complex dependence on shear rate when flowing. In this sense, granular matter shares similarities with classical visco-plastic fluids such as Bingham fluids. Here we propose a new constitutive relation for dense granular flows, inspired by this analogy and recent numerical and experimental work. We then test our three-dimensional (3D) model through experiments on granular flows on a pile between rough sidewalls, in which a complex 3D flow pattern develops. We show that, without any fitting parameter, the model gives quantitative predictions for the flow shape and velocity profiles. Our results support the idea that a simple visco-plastic approach can quantitatively capture granular flow properties, and could serve as a basic tool for modelling more complex flows in geophysical or industrial applications.