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      Predictive factors for spasticity among ischemic stroke patients Translated title: Fatores preditivos para espasticidade após acidente vascular cerebral

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          Abstract

          Spasticity is a determining for functional loss following ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE: To detect possible predictive factors for its occurrence. METHOD: Demographic, clinical and tomographic data on 146 stroke patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Spasticity was noted more frequently among patients who underwent physiotherapy (p<0.0001; OR=19.4; 95% CI: 4.4-84.5), those who underwent such treatment for long periods (p=0.028; OR=4.80; 95% CI: 1.1-8.3) and those with manual work (p=0.041; OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.02-4.6), lower income (p=0.038), pain complaints (p<0.0001; OR=107.0; 95% CI: 13.5-847.3), appearance of pain at the same time as spasticity (p<0.0001), previous vascular disease (p=0.001; OR=4.2; 95% CI: 1.7-10.3), muscle weakness (p<0.0001; OR=91.9; 95% CI: 12.0-699.4), extensive lesions as seen on tomography (p=0.01) and lesions affecting more than one cerebral lobe (p=0.018). Manual work had a relative risk of 2.9; previous stroke 3.9, and extensive lesion 3.6. CONCLUSION: Spasticity affected 25% of the patients, and was associated with: manual work, previous stroke, extensive lesions, decrease in individual income, underwent physiotherapy, underwent physiotherapy for longer period, pain complaints, the pain started simultaneously with the spasticity, presented changes in strength.

          Translated abstract

          A espasticidade é fator determinante para perda funcional após o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI). OBJETIVO: Detectar possíveis fatores preditivos para a ocorrência da espasticidade. MÉTODO: Foram analisados dados demográficos, clínicos e tomográficos de 146 pacientes pós-AVCI. RESULTADOS: Na análise univariada a espasticidade foi notada com maior freqüência em pacientes que realizaram fisioterapia (p<0,0001; OR=19,4; 95% CI: 4,4-84,5), com maior tempo de duração desse tratamento (p=0,028; OR=4,80; 95% CI: 1,1-8,3) e que realizavam trabalho braçal (p=0,041; OR=2,2; 95% CI: 1,02-4,6), renda menor (p=0,038), referência de dor (p<0,0001; OR=107,0; 95% CI: 13,5-847,3) e seu aparecimento simultâneo à espasticidade (p<0,0001), acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) pregresso (p=0,001; OR=4,2; 95% CI: 1,7-10,3), fraqueza muscular (p<0,0001; OR=91,9; 95% CI: 12,0-699,4), lesão tomográfica extensa (p=0,01) e lesão afetando mais de um lobo cerebral (p=0,018). Na análise de regressão multivariada a atividade braçal apresentou risco relativo de 2,9; acidente vascular cerebral prévio com risco relativo de 3,9 e lesão tomográfica extensa risco relativo de 3,6. CONCLUSÃO: A espasticidade afetou um quarto da população estudada e esteve associada ao trabalho braçal, AVC pregresso, lesões tomográficas extensas, diminuição da renda individual, realização de fisioterapia, realização de fisioterapia por um período maior, presença de dor, surgimento da dor simultânea à espasticidade e alteração da força.

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          Most cited references33

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          The control of muscle tone, reflexes, and movement: Robert Wartenbeg Lecture

          J LANCE (1980)
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            Structural and functional changes in spastic skeletal muscle.

            This review summarizes current information regarding the changes in structure or function that occur in skeletal muscle secondary to spasticity. Most published studies have reported an increase in fiber size variability in spastic muscle. There is no general agreement regarding any shift in fiber type distribution secondary to spasticity. Mechanical studies in whole limbs as well as in isolated single cells support the notion of an intrinsic change in the passive mechanical properties of muscle after spasticity in addition to the more widely reported neural changes that occur. Evidence is presented for changes within both the muscle cell and extracellular matrix that contribute to the overall changes in the tissue. Taken together, the literature supports the notion that, although spasticity is multifactorial and neural in origin, significant structural alterations in muscle also occur. An understanding of the specific changes that occur in the muscle and extracellular matrix may facilitate the development of new conservative or surgical therapies for this problem.
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              Motor Evaluation in Vascular Hemiplegia

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                anp
                Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
                Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
                Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO (São Paulo )
                1678-4227
                December 2009
                : 67
                : 4
                : 1029-1036
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Statistical Consultant Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0004-282X2009000600013
                10.1590/S0004-282X2009000600013
                f2d98a57-dfaf-444a-9c30-fd54cd770b95

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-282X&lng=en
                Categories
                NEUROSCIENCES
                PSYCHIATRY

                Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                spasticity,stroke,cerebral infarct,physiotherapy,espasticidade,acidente vascular cerebral,infarto cerebral isquêmico,fisioterapia

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