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      Excreción urinaria de uratos en niños y adolescentes obesos aquejados de Síndrome Metabólico Translated title: Urine excretion of urates in obese children and adolescents affected by Metabolic Syndrome

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción. El Síndrome metabólico (SM) asociado a la obesidad pediátrica se puede presentar con trastornos del metabolismo de las bases nitrogenadas que se trasladan hacia una excreción urinaria aumentada de uratos. Objetivos. Describir el comportamiento de la excreción urinaria de uratos en niños y adolescentes obesos diagnosticados con SM. Diseño del estudio. Analítico, de corte transversal. Serie de estudio. Cincuenta y dos niños y adolescentes obesos atendidos en la consulta ambulatoria del Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital “Juan Manuel Márquez”. Material y métodos. La presencia del SM en los niños y adolescentes estudiados (Varones: 52,0%; Edad promedio: 11,4± 3,9 años) se identificó de la concurrencia de la circunferencia abdominal (CA) aumentadamás 1 (o más) de cualquiera de los siguientes factores de riesgo (FR): hipertensión arterial, Diabetes mellitus, y dislipidemias. De todos los casos se obtuvo el índice uratos/creatinina (mg/mg) en muestras matutinas de orina. La excreción urinaria de uratos (mg.24 horas-1) se estimó del índice uratos/creatinina después de ajustado según el sexo y la talla. La uricosuria de 24 horas así estimada, y los estados de hiperuricosuria (uricosuria 24 horas > punto de corte para la edad), se distribuyeron según la presencia del SM. Resultados. El 34,6% de los niños se presentó con una (o más) manifestaciones del SM. La frecuencia de hiperuricosuria para toda la serie fue del 55,8%. Los niños con SM presentaron valores mayores de uricosuria (∆ = +56,8 mg. 24 horas-1; p > 0,05)y una mayor frecuencia de hiperuricosuria (∆ = +25,2%; p > 0,05). La frecuencia de hiperuricemia fue solo del 3,8%. Conclusiones. ElSM pudiera asociarse con una excreción aumentada de uratos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction. Disorders of the metabolism of nitrogen bases eventually translating into an increased urine excretionof urates might be present in the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) associated with obesity. Objectives. To describe the behavior of urates urine excretion in obese children and adolescents diagnosed with MS. Study design. Analytical, cross-sectional. Study serie. Fifty-two obese children and adolescents assisted at the Outpatient Clinic of the Endocrinology Service, “Juan Manuel Márquez” Pediatric Teaching Hospital (Havana city, Cuba). Material and method. Presence of MS in the studied children and adolescents (Boys: 52.0%; Average age: 11.4 ± 3.9 years) was established from the concurrence of augmented abdominal circumference (CA) plus 1 (or more) of any of the followingrisk factors (RF): blood hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemias. Urates/creatinine (mg/mg) index in urine morning samples was obtained in all cases. Urates urine excretion (mg. 24 hours-1) was estimated from the calculated urates/creatinine index after adjusting for sex andheight. 24 hours uricosuria values thus estimated, and hyperuricosuria states (24 hours uricosuria > cutoff point for age), were distributedaccording with MS presence. Results. Thirty-four-point-six percent of the children presented with one (or more) manifestations of MS. Frequency of hyperuricosuria for the entire serie was 55.8%. Children with MS exhibited higher uricosuria values (∆ = +56.8 mg. 24 hours-1; p > 0.05) and a greater frequencyof hyperuricosuria (∆ = +25.2%; p > 0.05). Frequency of hyperuricemia was just 3.8%. Conclusions. MS might be associated with an increasedurates excretion.

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          The Definition and Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome.

          Increase in prevalence of obesity has become a worldwide major health problem in adults, as well as among children and adolescents. Furthermore, total adiposity and truncal subcutaneous fat accumulation during adolescence are positively and independently associated with atherosclerosis at adult ages. Centrally accumulation of body fat is associated with insulin resistance, whereas distribution of body fat in a peripheral pattern is metabolically less important. Obesity is associated with a large decrease in life expectancy. The effect of extreme obesity on mortality is greater among younger than older adults. In this respect, obesity is also associated with increased risk of several cancer types. However, up to 30% of obese patients are metabolically healthy with insulin sensitivity similar to healthy normal weight individuals, lower visceral fat content, and lower intima media thickness of the carotid artery than the majority of metabolically "unhealthy" obese patients.Abdominal obesity is the most frequently observed component of metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome; clustering of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension, is a major public health challenge. The average prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 31%, and is associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of all-cause mortality.
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            Sugar, Uric Acid, and the Etiology of Diabetes and Obesity

            The intake of added sugars, such as from table sugar (sucrose) and high-fructose corn syrup has increased dramatically in the last hundred years and correlates closely with the rise in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Fructose is a major component of added sugars and is distinct from other sugars in its ability to cause intracellular ATP depletion, nucleotide turnover, and the generation of uric acid. In this article, we revisit the hypothesis that it is this unique aspect of fructose metabolism that accounts for why fructose intake increases the risk for metabolic syndrome. Recent studies show that fructose-induced uric acid generation causes mitochondrial oxidative stress that stimulates fat accumulation independent of excessive caloric intake. These studies challenge the long-standing dogma that “a calorie is just a calorie” and suggest that the metabolic effects of food may matter as much as its energy content. The discovery that fructose-mediated generation of uric acid may have a causal role in diabetes and obesity provides new insights into pathogenesis and therapies for this important disease.
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              Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men.

              Various purine-rich foods and high protein intake have long been thought to be risk factors for gout. Similarly, the possibility that the consumption of dairy products has a role in protecting against gout has been raised by metabolic studies. We prospectively investigated the association of these dietary factors with new cases of gout. Over a 12-year period, we prospectively examined the relationship between purported dietary risk factors and new cases of gout among 47,150 men who had no history of gout at base line. We used a supplementary questionnaire to ascertain whether participants met the American College of Rheumatology survey criteria for gout. Diet was assessed every four years by means of a food-frequency questionnaire. During the 12 years of the study, we documented 730 confirmed new cases of gout. The multivariate relative risk of gout among men in the highest quintile of meat intake, as compared with those in the lowest quintile, was 1.41 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.86; P for trend = 0.02), and the corresponding relative risk associated with seafood intake was 1.51 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.95; P for trend = 0.02). In contrast, the incidence of gout decreased with increasing intake of dairy products; the multivariate relative risk among men in the highest quintile, as compared with those in the lowest quintile, was 0.56 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.42 to 0.74; P for trend <0.001). The level of consumption of purine-rich vegetables and the total protein intake were not associated with an increased risk of gout. Higher levels of meat and seafood consumption are associated with an increased risk of gout, whereas a higher level of consumption of dairy products is associated with a decreased risk. Moderate intake of purine-rich vegetables or protein is not associated with an increased risk of gout. Copyright 2004 Massachusetts Medical Society
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jonnpr
                Journal of Negative and No Positive Results
                JONNPR
                Research and Science S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2529-850X
                2020
                : 5
                : 3
                : 307-328
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameServicio de Laboratorio Clínico Cuba
                [3] orgnameServicio de Laboratorio Clínico Cuba
                [4] orgnameServicio de Laboratorio Clínico Cuba
                [5] orgnameServicio de Endocrinología Cuba
                [1] orgnameServicio de Laboratorio Clínico Cuba
                Article
                S2529-850X2020000300307 S2529-850X(20)00500300307
                10.19230/jonnpr.3260
                f2fb55dc-7a04-4c24-bece-bce343c05bef

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 September 2019
                : 28 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 22
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original

                Metabolic Syndrome,Urates/Creatinine index,Síndrome Metabólico,Obesidad,Hyperuricosuria,Índice Uratos/Creatinina,Uricosuria de 24 horas,24 hours uricosuria,Hiperuricosuria

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