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      A research vision for food systems in the 2020s: Defying the status quo

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Highlights

          • •

            Research and science should not only inform food and environmental policy but should be adopted and mainstreamed into actions at all levels.

          • •

            Food systems are faced with grander and interconnected challenges and constraints that bring about new research questions.

          • •

            Research has a vital role in charting a positive and sustainable direction for global food security, nutrition, and health.

          • •

            The status quo must be challenged to shape food systems transformation to deliver sustainable, healthier diets.

          • •

            Global Food Security provides a platform where evidence is shared in an accessible manner for those who need to act on it.

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          The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview

          Yi-Chi Yvette Wu, Ching-Sung Chen, Yu-Jiun Chan (2020)
          In late December 2019, a previous unidentified coronavirus, currently named as the 2019 novel coronavirus#, emerged from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally, including Thailand, Republic of Korea, Japan, United States, Philippines, Viet Nam, and our country (as of 2/6/2020 at least 25 countries). The disease is officially named as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19, by WHO on February 11, 2020). It is also named as Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens on January 15, 2019 by the Taiwan CDC, the Ministry of Health and is a notifiable communicable disease of the fifth category. COVID-19 is a potential zoonotic disease with low to moderate (estimated 2%–5%) mortality rate. Person-to-person transmission may occur through droplet or contact transmission and if there is a lack of stringent infection control or if no proper personal protective equipment available, it may jeopardize the first-line healthcare workers. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID-19 although some drugs are under investigation. To promptly identify patients and prevent further spreading, physicians should be aware of the travel or contact history of the patient with compatible symptoms.
          Article 0 comments Cited 528 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Manufacturing Epidemics: The Role of Global Producers in Increased Consumption of Unhealthy Commodities Including Processed Foods, Alcohol, and Tobacco

            David Stuckler, Martin McKee, Shah Ebrahim … (2012)
            In an article that forms part of the PLoS Medicine series on Big Food, David Stuckler and colleagues report that unhealthy packaged foods are being consumed rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, consistent with rapid expansion of multinational food companies into emerging markets and fueling obesity and chronic disease epidemics.
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              Affordability of the EAT– Lancet reference diet: a global analysis

              Kalle Hirvonen, Yan Bai, Derek D. Headey … (2019)
              Summary Background The EAT–Lancet Commission drew on all available nutritional and environmental evidence to construct the first global benchmark diet capable of sustaining health and protecting the planet, but it did not assess dietary affordability. We used food price and household income data to estimate affordability of EAT–Lancet benchmark diets, as a first step to guiding interventions to improve diets around the world. Methods We obtained retail prices from 2011 for 744 foods in 159 countries, collected under the International Comparison Program. We used these data to identify the most affordable foods to meet EAT–Lancet targets. We compared total diet cost per day to each country's mean per capita household income, calculated the proportion of people for whom the most affordable EAT–Lancet diet exceeds total income, and also measured affordability relative to a least-cost diet that meets essential nutrient requirements. Findings The most affordable EAT–Lancet diets cost a global median of US$2·84 per day (IQR 2·41–3·16) in 2011, of which the largest share was the cost of fruits and vegetables (31·2%), followed by legumes and nuts (18·7%), meat, eggs, and fish (15·2%), and dairy (13·2%). This diet costs a small fraction of average incomes in high-income countries but is not affordable for the world's poor. We estimated that the cost of an EAT–Lancet diet exceeded household per capita income for at least 1·58 billion people. The EAT–Lancet diet is also more expensive than the minimum cost of nutrient adequacy, on average, by a mean factor of 1·60 (IQR 1·41–1·78). Interpretation Current diets differ greatly from EAT–Lancet targets. Improving diets is affordable in many countries but for many people would require some combination of higher income, nutritional assistance, and lower prices. Data and analysis for the cost of healthier foods are needed to inform both local interventions and systemic changes. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jessica Fanzo
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Glob Food Sec
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Glob Food Sec
                Title: Global Food Security
                Publisher: Published by Elsevier B.V.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2211-9124
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 July 2020
                Publication date (Print): September 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 July 2020
                Volume: 26
                Page: 100397
                Affiliations
                [a ]Berman Institute of Bioethics, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University 1717 Massachusetts Ave NW 730 Washington DC 20036 USA
                [b ]International Food Policy Research Institute, Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
                [c ]International Fertilizer Association, Paris, France
                [d ]University of Guelph Department of Food Agricultural and Resource Economics, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
                [e ]Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
                [f ]Cornell University Charles H Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Ithaca, New York, United States
                [g ]Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. Global Food Security Journal Berman Institute of Bioethics, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University, 1717, Massachusetts Ave NW 730, Washington DC 200361717, Washington DC 20036, United States. Tel: +1 202 663 5946 jfanzo1@ 123456jhu.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2211-9124(20)30051-1 Publisher ID: 100397
                DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100397
                PMC ID: 7366074
                PubMed ID: 32834952
                SO-VID: f311d275-a66b-42b6-a7d0-82337e8a1fc0
                Copyright © © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 11 June 2020
                Date accepted : 12 June 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: food systems,food security,malnutrition,research and development,future studies
                Data availability:
                Keywords: food systems, food security, malnutrition, research and development, future studies

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