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      Primer caso en Panamá de linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios (LACG-AIM) Translated title: First case in Panama of breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)

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          Abstract

          Resumen El linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios (LACG-AIM), es una enfermedad sumamente rara. Hasta noviembre 2019 solo se habían reportado 573 casos a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, ya en Panamá, un país pequeño con una población de 4.2 millones, se presentó el primer caso. Se trata de una paciente de 65 años, con seroma tardío en la mama derecha de 7 días de evolución e historia de implantes mamarios macrotexturizados durante los últimos 5 años. El análisis histopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica (capsulectomia completa) y del líquido de seroma confirmaron el diagnóstico de LACG-AIM. La enfermedad estaba limitada al liquido del seroma sin invasión de la cápsula periprotésica (T1AN0M0). El tratamiento consistió en retirada de los implantes, capsulectomía bilateral en bloque, y remplazo inmediato de los implantes. La evolución postoperatoria fue satisfactoria. En los controles clínicos y por imagen a los 2 años la paciente está libre de recurrencia local o enfermedad sistémica.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA.ALCL) is an extremely rare disease with only 573 cases reported worldwide up to November 2019. However, in Panama a small country with a population of 4.2 million, the first case already showed up. The patient is a 65-year-old female who presents with a one-week history of a delayed seroma on the right breast and a history of having macrotexture breast implants for the past 5 years. The diagnosis was confirmed with histopathological analysis of the complete capsule and the seroma fluid. The disease was confined to the seroma fluid without capsule invasion (T1AN0M0). Treatment consisted of bilateral implant removal with en bloc capsulectomies and immediate implant replacement. Her post op course has been uneventful with normal follow up. She remains free of local recurrence or distant disease up to 24 months post op.

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          Anaplastic T-cell lymphoma in proximity to a saline-filled breast implant.

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            Anaplastic large cell lymphoma and breast implants: a systematic review.

            In recent years, there have been growing concerns about a possible association of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--in particular, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)--and breast implants. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze all reported cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurring in patients with breast implants. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of reported cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with breast implants. Publications were identified with a search algorithm, forward searches, and expert nominations. After references were reviewed and assessed for inclusion or exclusion, case-based data were independently abstracted, reconciled, and adjudicated by multiple investigators. The data were then synthesized and analyzed. Of 884 identified articles, only 83 were relevant to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the breast, and 34 were included in our study. Thirty-six cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with implants were found, of which 29 (81 percent) were ALCLs. Although detailed clinical information was lacking in many cases, ALCL often involved the capsule and/or presented as an unexplained seroma or mass, was negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression, and had a relatively indolent clinical course when it developed adjacent to a breast implant. A form of ALCL, which clinically behaves more like the less aggressive primary cutaneous form of ALK-negative ALCL rather than the more aggressive systemic form, may be associated with breast implants. Future research on the epidemiology and biology of this rare disease is clearly needed to better understand its nature.
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              Is breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma a hazard of breast implant surgery?

              Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) may occur after reconstructive or aesthetic breast surgery. Worldwide, approximately 1.7 million breast implant surgeries are performed each year. To date, over 500 cases of BIA-ALCL have been reported around the world, with 16 women having died. This review highlights the most important facts surrounding BIA-ALCL. There is no consensus regarding the true incidence rate of BIA-ALCL as it varies between countries, is probably significantly under-reported and is difficult to estimate due to the true number of breast prostheses used largely being unknown. BIA-ALCL develops in the breast mostly as a seroma surrounding the implant, but contained within the fibrous capsule, or more rarely as a solid mass that can become invasive infiltrating the chest wall and muscle, in some instances spreading to adjacent lymph nodes, in these cases having a far worse prognosis. The causation of BIA-ALCL remains to be established, but it has been proposed that chronic infection and/or implant toxins may be involved. What is clear is that complete capsulectomy is required for treatment of BIA-ALCL, which for early-stage disease leads to cure, whereas chemotherapy is needed for advanced-stage disease, whereby improved results have been reported with the use of brentuximab. A worldwide database for BIA-ALCL and implants should be supported by local governments.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                September 2020
                : 46
                : 3
                : 273-282
                Affiliations
                [1] Panamá orgnamePráctica privada Panamá
                Article
                S0376-78922020000400273 S0376-7892(20)04600300273
                10.4321/s0376-789220200003000004
                f32cb79d-f91c-4727-b3a5-23757351317c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 August 2020
                : 02 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Cirugía Mamaria

                Seroma tardío,Riesgos implantes mamarios,Implantes mamarios texturizados,LACG-AIM,Linfoma anaplásico células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios,Late seroma,Breast implants risk,Textured breast implants,Breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma,BIA-ALCL

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