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      Alterações na cinemática angular do movimento básico de Hidroginástica “Balanço Lateral” induzidas pelo incremento do ritmo musical Translated title: Angular kinematics of head-out-aquatic exercise “Sailor Jigs” at increasing musical rhythm

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          Abstract

          O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de analisar a associação entre o ritmo musical e o padrão cinemático angular no movimento básico de Hidroginástica “Balanço Lateral”. A amostra foi constituída por seis instrutoras, com pelo menos um ano de experiência na orientação de programas de Hidroginástica. Foram registadas imagens de vídeo no plano frontal do exercício básico de Hidroginástica “Balanço Lateral”, recorrendo a um par de câmaras, proporcionando assim uma dupla projeção do movimento acima e abaixo do nível da água, em cinco ritmos incrementais (120 bpm, 135 bpm, 150 bpm, 165 bpm e 180 bpm). As imagens foram posteriormente digitalizadas e processadas num software específico (Ariel Performance Analysis Systems). Os resultados demonstraram que ocorreu uma diminuição do período do ciclo ao longo do protocolo incremental. O ângulo relativo entre a coxa e o tronco não apresentou relação significativa com o ritmo. Já o ângulo relativo entre a coxa e a perna e entre o braço e o antebraço diminuíram com o aumento do ritmo musical, embora neste último apenas visível para o membro esquerdo. Constata-se assim que existe uma tendência para a diminuição do deslocamento angular e manutenção da velocidade angular com o aumento do ritmo musical ainda que em pontos articulares isolados.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between the angular kinematic pattern of head-out aquatic exercise sailor jigs” at increasing musical rhythm. Six young women with at least one year of experience conducting this type of head-out aquatic programs were evaluated. The exercise was recorded on video, in frontal plane, using two cameras for double projection at five music cadences (120 bpm, 135 bpm, 150 bpm, 165 bpm and 180 bpm). Images were then digitized in specific software (Ariel Performance Analysis Systems). Results have shown that, the cycle period decreased through the incremental protocol. No significant relationship was found between music rhythm and relative angle between thigh and trunk. In contrast, the relative angle between thigh and leg and between arm and forearm decrease with the music rhythm, at least for the left limb. In conclusion, it seems that there is a trend to decrease the angular displacement and unchanged the angular velocity when increasing rhythm at least in certain anatomical landmarks.

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          Adjustments to Zatsiorsky-Seluyanov's segment inertia parameters.

          P. de Leva (1996)
          Zatsiorsky et al. (in Contemporary Problems in Biomechanics, pp. 272-291, CRC Press, Massachusetts, 1990a) obtained, by means of a gamma-ray scanning technique, the relative body segment masses, center of mass (CM) positions, and radii of gyration for samples of college-aged Caucasian males and females. Although these data are the only available and comprehensive set of inertial parameters regarding young adult Caucasians, they have been rarely utilized for biomechanical analyses of subjects belonging to the same or a similar population. The main reason is probably that Zatsiorsky et al. used bony landmarks as reference points for locating segment CMs and defining segment lengths. Some of these landmarks were markedly distant from the joint centers currently used by most researchers as reference points. The purpose of this study was to adjust the mean relative CM positions and radii of gyration reported by Zatsiorsky et al., in order to reference them to the joint centers or other commonly used landmarks, rather than the original landmarks. The adjustments were based on a number of carefully selected sources of anthropometric data.
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            Biomechanical characteristics of adults walking in shallow water and on land.

            Although water environment has been employed for different physical activities, there is little available information regarding the biomechanical characteristics of walking in shallow water. In the present study, we investigated the kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRF), and electromyographic (EMG) activation patterns of eight selected muscles of adults walking in shallow water and on land. Ten healthy adults were videotaped while walking at self-selected comfortable speeds on land and in water (at the Xiphoid process level). In both conditions there was a force plate embedded in the middle of each walkway to register the GRF components. Reflective markers were placed over main anatomical landmarks and they were digitalized later to obtain stride characteristics and joint angle information. In general, walking in water was different to walking on land in many aspects and these differences were attributed to the drag force, the apparent body weight reduction, and the lower comfortable speed during walking in shallow water. The joint range of motions (ROM) were not different, the segment ROM, magnitudes of GRF components, impact force, and impulse were different between the two conditions. The present results will contribute to a better understanding of this activity in the context of training and rehabilitation.
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              The effects of land vs. aquatic plyometrics on power, torque, velocity, and muscle soreness in women.

              The purpose of this study was to compare changes in performance indicators (power, torque, and velocity) and muscle soreness between plyometric training on land and in water. Thirty-two college age women were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of an identical plyometric training program on land or in an aquatic setting. Performance indicators were assessed pretraining, midtraining, and posttraining. Muscle soreness (ordinal scale) and pain sensitivity (palpation) were assessed after a training bout (0, 48, and 96 hours) during the first week of training and when training intensity was increased (weeks 3 and 6). Performance indictors increased for both groups (pretraining < midtraining < posttraining, p < or = 0.001). Muscle soreness was significantly greater in the land compared to the aquatic plyometric training group at baseline and each time training intensity was increased, p = 0.01. Aquatic plyometrics provided the same performance enhancement benefits as land plyometrics with significantly less muscle soreness.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mot
                Motricidade
                Motri.
                Edições Desafio Singular (Ribeira de Pena )
                1646-107X
                June 2015
                : 11
                : 2
                : 143-152
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Portugal
                [2 ] Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano Portugal
                [3 ] Universidade da Beira Interior Portugal
                [4 ] Nanyang Technological University Singapore
                Article
                S1646-107X2015000200014
                10.6063/motricidade.3978
                f36b6ae1-b829-4004-a579-edaa7ebbfa23

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1646-107X&lng=en
                Categories
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine
                Head-out aquatic exercise,sailor’s jigs,musical metrics,kinematics,Hidroginástica,balanço lateral,ritmo musical,cinemática

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