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      Cambios en el comportamiento alimentario de personas adultas con elevado nivel académico durante las diferentes etapas del confinamiento domiciliario por COVID-19 en Iberoamérica Translated title: Changes in the eating behavior of highly educated adults during the different stages of home confinement by COVID-19 in Iberoamerica

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 ha obligado a los gobiernos de los países afectados a aplicar medidas preventivas que incluyen la cuarentena o el confinamiento domiciliario. Se ha visto que, en general, esta situación ha afectado los patrones alimentarios de la población. Objetivo: evaluar los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios y en la adquisición de los alimentos durante las diferentes etapas del confinamiento domiciliario ocasionado por COVID-19 en la población adulta de alto nivel educativo en diferentes países de Iberoamérica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional y transversal en el que participaron 9.572 personas de 58 países diferentes con estudios universitarios. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de datos fue una encuesta diseñada por la Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana de México (UNINI-México) para estudiar los hábitos alimentarios durante el confinamiento domiciliario por COVID-19 como parte del estudio HALCON-COVID-19. Resultados: la mayoría de los encuestados indicaron haber mantenido su peso durante la cuarentena (57,3 %), aunque reportaron haber reducido su actividad física (23,9 %) y repecto al consumo de alimentos, reportaron haber disminuido el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (53,4 %), de bebidas alcohólicas (43,3 %) y de chocolates y golosinas (41,1 %), mientras que aumentaron en su dieta el consumo de vegetales (37,7 %), frutas (37 %) y huevos (30,6 %). Conclusiones: las personas que no comían de forma saludable previamente, han empeorado la calidad de su dieta durante el periodo de confinamiento además de haber reducido su actividad física, sin embargo, aquellos que tenían un estilo de vida más sano lo han mantenido durante este el periodo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments of affected countries to implement preventive measures including quarantine or house confinement. This situation has generally been seen to have affected the dietary patterns of the population. Objective: to evaluate changes in dietary habits and food acquisition during the different stages of home confinement caused by COVID-19 in the highly educated adult population in different Latin American countries. Methods: an observational and cross-sectional study was carried out in which 9,572 people from 58 different countries and with university studies participated. The instrument used for data collection was a survey designed by the International Ibero-American University of Mexico (UNINI-Mexico) to study food habits during home confinement due to COVID-19 as part of the HALCON-COVID-19 study. Results: most of the respondents indicated having maintained their weight during quarantine (57.3 %), although they reported having reduced their physical activity (23.9 %) and eliminated the consumption of ultra-processed foods (53.4 %), alcoholic beverages (43.3 %), chocolates and sweets (41.1 %), while including vegetables (37.7 %), fruits (37 %) and eggs (30.6 %) in their diet. Conclusions: people who usually do not eat healthily have been even more affected in the way they eat during confinement, reducing their physical activity and increasing their body weight, while those with healthier lifestyles have not changed their habits or even maintained their healthy lifestyles during the pandemic.

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          Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19

          The outbreak of emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China has been brought to global attention and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Scientific advancements since the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002~2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012 have accelerated our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the development of therapeutics to treat viral infection. As no specific therapeutics and vaccines are available for disease control, the epidemic of COVID-19 is posing a great threat for global public health. To provide a comprehensive summary to public health authorities and potential readers worldwide, we detail the present understanding of COVID-19 and introduce the current state of development of measures in this review.
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            Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland

            The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in late December 2019 in China, which later developed into a pandemic, has forced different countries to implement strict sanitary regimes and social distancing measures. Globally, at least four billion people were under lockdown, working remotely, homeschooling children, and facing challenges coping with quarantine and the stressful events. The present cross-sectional online survey of adult Poles (n = 1097), conducted during a nationwide quarantine, aimed to assess whether nutritional and consumer habits have been affected under these conditions. Over 43.0% and nearly 52% reported eating and snacking more, respectively, and these tendencies were more frequent in overweight and obese individuals. Almost 30% and over 18% experienced weight gain (mean ± SD 3.0 ± 1.6 kg) and loss (−2.9 ± 1.5 kg), respectively. Overweight, obese, and older subjects (aged 36–45 and >45) tended to gain weight more frequently, whereas those with underweight tended to lose it further. Increased BMI was associated with less frequent consumption of vegetables, fruit, and legumes during quarantine, and higher adherence to meat, dairy, and fast-foods. An increase in alcohol consumption was seen in 14.6%, with a higher tendency to drink more found among alcohol addicts. Over 45% of smokers experienced a rise in smoking frequency during the quarantine. The study highlights that lockdown imposed to contain an infectious agent may affect eating behaviors and dietary habits, and advocates for organized nutritional support during future epidemic-related quarantines, particularly for the most vulnerable groups, including overweight and obese subjects.
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              The emotional impact of COVID-19: From medical staff to common people

              Dear Editor, In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic, pointing to over 110 countries and territories around the world where the coronavirus illness is present. Infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19, as well as other public health events, can cause emotional distress and anxiety. These feelings of distress and anxiety can occur even in people not at high risk of getting sick, in the face of a virus with which the common people may be unfamiliar. I read publications on “Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control” and on “Traumatization in medical staff helping with COVID-19 control” with a great interest (Li et al., 2020, Joob and Wiwanitkit, 2020). Li et al. reported how much people and medical staff suffer from vicarious traumatization and how this vicarious traumatization of non-front-line medical staff is more serious than that of front-line medical staff (Li et al., 2020). As in South and Southeast Asia countries, also in Italy, there are similar problems in medical staff due to high workload and intermittent lack of protective devices. In addition, some slight form of racism is demonstrated against health care professionals who potentially have a higher risk of being infected and between non-front-line medical staff towards front-line medical staff. We don’t have to forget the many doctors and nurses were infected and many of them died due to COVID-19 infection. Also in Italy, local people also have high levels of stress due to no firm estimate of how long pandemic will last and how long our lives will be disrupted or whether or not we or our loved ones will be infected. Previous research has revealed a profound and wide spectrum of psychological impact that outbreaks can inflict on people (Lima et al., 2020). New psychiatric symptoms in people without mental illness can occur or aggravate the condition of those with pre-existing mental illness and cause distress to the caregivers of affected individuals (Kelvin and Rubino, 2020). Most health professionals working in isolation units and hospitals very often do not receive any training for providing mental health care (Lima et al., 2020). Barbisch et al. (2015) described how the confinement “caused a sense of collective hysteria, leading the staff to desperate measures”. Suicidal cases were reported in India (Goyal et al., 2020) but also in other countries, Italy included, where two infected Italian nurses committed suicide in a period of a few days probably due to fear of spreading COVID-19 to patients. It is possible that fear and anxiety of falling sick or dying, helplessness will drive an increase in the 2020 suicide rates. In the United States (US), the COVID-19 Pandemic’s New Epicenter, a dedicated Lifeline (the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline) was activated for emotional distress related to COVID-19 to prevent suicide. Declaration of Competing Interest The author declares that he has no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                October 2022
                : 39
                : 5
                : 1068-1075
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameGrupo Español de Nutrición Humana y Dietética (GRENUD) España
                [2] Campeche orgnameUniversidad Internacional Iberoamericana (UNINI) México
                [1] Villanueva de la Serena Badajoz orgnameGrupo Investigador Multidisciplinar Extremeño (GRIMEX) España
                Article
                S0212-16112022000800015 S0212-1611(22)03900500015
                10.20960/nh.04018
                f36e41be-cb7e-4d33-8485-76c9255ca8ad

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 May 2022
                : 28 December 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                COVID-19,Peso corporal,Consumo de alimentos,Dietary habits,Confinement,Pandemic,Food consumption,Body weight,Pandemia,Confinamiento,Hábitos alimentarios

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