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      Susceptibility of targets to the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus are proportional to their abundance in Atlantic Forest fragments? Translated title: A suscetibilidade de alvos ao morcego-vampiro Desmodus rotundus é proporcional à sua abundância em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica?

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) feeds preferably on mammal blood, including livestock animals, such as bovine cattle. In spite of using native preys in the wild, records of this feeding activity are scarce. In the present study, we investigated the foraging activity of D. rotundus based on video footage from camera traps in Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Goiás State, Brazil. Out of 23 mammal species recorded in the study area, four had interactions with Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana and Pecari tajacu). The records were obtained from early night to sunrise. There was a correlation between abundance of potential preys and the choice of the target by D. rotundus. Most of the bat-prey interaction occurred on the edge of fragments. The present study records for the first time the potential use of the collared peccary (P. tajacu) and the giant armadillo (P. maximus) in the diet of D. rotundus.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) se alimenta preferencialmente de sangue de mamíferos, incluindo animais de criação como gado bovino. Apesar de utilizarem presas nativas na natureza os registros desta atividade alimentar são escassos. Neste estudo investigamos atividade de forrageio desta espécie baseado em filmagens de armadilhas fotográficas em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no sul de Goiás. Das 23 espécies de mamíferos registradas na área de estudo, quatro possuíram interações com Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana e Pecari tajacu). Os registros foram obtidos desde o início da noite até o crepúsculo matutino. Houve correlação entre abundância de potenciais presas e a escolha do alvo por D. rotundus. A maior parte da interação morcego-presa ocorreu na borda dos fragmentos. Este trabalho registra pela primeira vez a potencial utilização de catetos (P. tajacu) e do tatu-canastra (P. maximus) na dieta de D. rotundus.

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          Overview of rabies in the Americas.

          Between 1993 and 2002, the number of human and canine rabies cases in the Americas Region fell by approximately 80%. There were 39 human cases in 2002, 63% of them transmitted by dogs. Furthermore, human rabies transmitted by wildlife, mostly by bats is a risk to inhabitants in many countries in the Region. The objective of this study is to describe this epidemiological situation based in the information received from the countries of the Americas Region in Regional Rabies Surveillance System in the Americas (SIRVERA) administrated by the Pan American Health Organization. This sharp reduction is attributable mainly to the control measures implemented by the countries of the Region, such as the mass vaccination of dogs and prophylactic treatment for people who have been exposed.
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            Desmodus rotundus

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              Estimating Species Richness and Modelling Habitat Preferences of Tropical Forest Mammals from Camera Trap Data

              Medium-to-large mammals within tropical forests represent a rich and functionally diversified component of this biome; however, they continue to be threatened by hunting and habitat loss. Assessing these communities implies studying species’ richness and composition, and determining a state variable of species abundance in order to infer changes in species distribution and habitat associations. The Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) network fills a chronic gap in standardized data collection by implementing a systematic monitoring framework of biodiversity, including mammal communities, across several sites. In this study, we used TEAM camera trap data collected in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, an area of exceptional importance for mammal diversity, to propose an example of a baseline assessment of species’ occupancy. We used 60 camera trap locations and cumulated 1,818 camera days in 2009. Sampling yielded 10,647 images of 26 species of mammals. We estimated that a minimum of 32 species are in fact present, matching available knowledge from other sources. Estimated species richness at camera sites did not vary with a suite of habitat covariates derived from remote sensing, however the detection probability varied with functional guilds, with herbivores being more detectable than other guilds. Species-specific occupancy modelling revealed novel ecological knowledge for the 11 most detected species, highlighting patterns such as ‘montane forest dwellers’, e.g. the endemic Sanje mangabey (Cercocebus sanjei), and ‘lowland forest dwellers’, e.g. suni antelope (Neotragus moschatus). Our results show that the analysis of camera trap data with account for imperfect detection can provide a solid ecological assessment of mammal communities that can be systematically replicated across sites.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                isz
                Iheringia. Série Zoologia
                Iheringia, Sér. Zool.
                Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                0073-4721
                1678-4766
                November 2018
                : 108
                : 0
                : e2018037
                Affiliations
                [1] Jataí GO orgnameUniversidade Federal de Jataí orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Brazil mzortea@ 123456uol.com.br)
                [2] Jataí Goiás orgnameProjeto Ecológico de Longa Duração Brazil
                Article
                S0073-47212018000100237
                10.1590/1678-4766e2018037
                f396a9d7-8053-43d8-9193-bbde72985b2f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 April 2018
                : 17 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                Chiroptera,forrageamento,mamíferos,foraging,mammals
                Chiroptera, forrageamento, mamíferos, foraging, mammals

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