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      Correlation between malaria incidence and prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths in Colombia: An ecologic evaluation Translated title: Correlación entre la incidencia de malaria y la prevalencia de las geohelmintiasis en Colombia: enfoque ecológico

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          Abstract

          Introduction. Recent studies have suggested an association between the soil-transmitted helminth infections and malaria incidence. However, published evidence is still insufficient and diverging. Since 1977, new ecologic studies have not been carried out to explore this association. Ecologic studies could explore this correlation on a population level, assessing its potential importance on public health. Objectives. The aim of this evaluation is to explore the association between soil-transmitted helminths prevalence and malaria incidence, at an ecologic level in Colombia. Materials and methods. Using data from the National Health Survey, which was carried out in 1980 in Colombia, we calculated Spearman correlation coefficients between the prevalence of: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm, with the 1980 malaria incidence data of the same year provided from the Colombian Malaria National Eradication Service. A robust regression analysis with least trimmed squares was performed. Results. Falciparum malaria incidence and Ascaris lumbricoides prevalence had a low correlation (R2= 0.086) but this correlation was stronger into the clusters of towns with prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection above 30% were only included (R2= 0.916). Conclusion. This work showed an ecologic correlation in Colombia between malaria incidence and soil-transmitted helminths prevalence. This could suggest that either there is an association between these two groups of parasites, or could be explained by the presence of common structural determinants for both diseases.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción. Los estudios recientes han sugerido una asociación entre las geohelmintiasis y la incidencia de malaria, sin embargo, la evidencia publicada es escasa y divergente. Desde 1977 no se han realizado nuevos estudios ecológicos para explorar esta asociación. Los estudios ecológicos podrían explorar dicha correlación en la población, midiendo su impacto potencial en salud pública. Objetivo. Explorar la asociación entre la prevalencia de geohelmintiasis y la incidencia de malaria desde el punto de vista ecológico, en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Usando datos provenientes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, llevada a cabo en 1980, se estimaron coeficientes de correlación de Spearman a nivel departamental, entre las prevalencias de Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura y Uncinaria sp. con la incidencia de malaria para el mismo año suministrada por el Servicio de Erradicación de Malaria. A todos los datos, se les aplicó un método sólido de regresión con mínimos cuadrados ajustados. Resultados. La incidencia de malaria por Plasmodium falciparum y la prevalencia de A. lumbricoides tuvieron una correlación baja (R2=0,086). No obstante, dicha correlación se hizo más fuerte cuando se incluyó solamente el grupo de poblaciones con prevalencias de A. lumbricoides mayores de 30% (R2=0,916). Conclusión. Este trabajo evidenció una correlación ecológica en Colombia entre la incidencia de malaria y la prevalencia de geohelmintiasis. Esto podría justificar la existencia de una asociación entre estos dos grupos de parásitos o explicarse por la presencia de factores determinantes estructurales comunes a ambas enfermedades.

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          Most cited references32

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          Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods.

          An ecologic study focuses on the comparison of groups, rather than individuals; thus, individual-level data are missing on the joint distribution of variables within groups. Variables in an ecologic analysis may be aggregate measures, environmental measures, or global measures. The purpose of an ecologic analysis may be to make biologic inferences about effects on individual risks or to make ecologic inferences about effects on group rates. Ecologic study designs may be classified on two dimensions: (a) whether the primary group is measured (exploratory vs analytic study); and (b) whether subjects are grouped by place (multiple-group study), by time (time-trend study), or by place and time (mixed study). Despite several practical advantages of ecologic studies, there are many methodologic problems that severely limit causal inference, including ecologic and cross-level bias, problems of confounder control, within-group misclassification, lack of adequate data, temporal ambiguity, collinearity, and migration across groups.
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            Use of statistical programs for nonparametric tests of small samples often leads to incorrect P values: examples fromAnimal Behaviour.

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              World Malaria Report 2005

              (2005)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bio
                Biomédica
                Biomédica
                Instituto Nacional de Salud (Bogotá )
                0120-4157
                December 2010
                : 30
                : 4
                : 501-508
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [2 ] Instituto Nacional de Salud Colombia
                Article
                S0120-41572010000400007
                f3a7cb5e-a405-4167-878e-4748d9da2862

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0120-4157&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                malaria,helminthes,epidemiologic factors,ecological studies,Colombia,helmintos,factores epidemiológicos,estudios ecológicos

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