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      Beneficios del uso de un algoritmo de pruebas recomendadas para el diagnóstico y manejo dietético-nutricional del paciente con trastornos gastrointestinales crónicos Translated title: Benefits of using a recommended testing algorithm for the diagnosis and dietary-nutritional management of patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo: los trastornos gastrointestinales crónicos como la enfermedad celiaca y la intolerancia a la lactosa o fructosa en la edad adulta son cada vez más frecuentes y se suelen acompañar de sintomatología que repercute en las actividades diarias y limita en gran medida la dieta. El espectro de síntomas que manifiestan los afectados es heterogéneo y poco específico y, además, no existe un protocolo estandarizado y consensuado para el manejo dietético, lo que dificulta un correcto diagnóstico y un adecuado tratamiento. Los trastornos relacionados con malabsorción/intolerancia alimentaria pueden originarse por causas primarias (genéticas) o secundarias (parásitos, alergias, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, fármacos, etc.). El empleo de análisis genéticos permite descartar o confirmar causas primarias y, cuando sea necesario, centrar la búsqueda en las secundarias. El objetivo del enfoque algorítmico que proponemos es guiar el manejo dietético-nutricional del paciente con trastornos gastrointestinales crónicos para optimizar el proceso diagnóstico y el tratamiento nutricional. Material y métodos: tras realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre las patologías más frecuentemente asociadas a estos trastornos, se proponen un algoritmo de pruebas y los sucesivos pasos a seguir en función de los resultados obtenidos, para concretar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Resultados: el algoritmo propuesto pretende ser una herramienta para el personal sanitario (gastroenterólogos, endocrinólogos, nutricionistas, etc.) que atiende a este tipo de paciente. Se busca guiar el flujo de pruebas diagnósticas en función de la información aportada por el paciente y la clínica al inicio, así como recomendar el tratamiento (dietético-nutricional y/o farmacológico) más adecuado. Conclusiones: el beneficio de utilizar un enfoque algorítmico es que este permite optimizar el proceso diagnóstico de causas primarias y secundarias y con ello, pautar un tratamiento nutricional personalizado considerando el origen del trastorno, a fin de paliar la intensidad y frecuencia de los síntomas con la menor cantidad de restricciones alimentarias posibles y minimizar la afección en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction and objective: chronic gastrointestinal disorders such as celiac disease and lactose or fructose intolerance in adulthood are becoming more frequent and are usually accompanied by symptoms that affect daily activities and greatly limit diet. The spectrum of symptoms manifested by those affected is heterogeneous and not very specific; in addition, there is no standardized and agreed protocol for dietary management, which makes a correct diagnosis and effective treatment difficult. Disorders related to malabsorption/food intolerance can originate from primary (genetic) or secondary causes (parasites, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, etc.). Using genetic data makes it possible to rule out or confirm primary causes, and when necessary, focus the search on secondary ones. The objective of this algorithmic approach is to guide the dietary-nutritional management of the patient with chronic gastrointestinal disease to optimize the diagnostic process and nutritional treatment. Material and methods: after a review of the literature on the pathologies most frequently associated with these disorders, a testing algorithm is proposed and the successive steps to be followed depending on the results obtained, in order to determine the diagnosis and treatment. Results: the proposed algorithm aims to be a tool for health personnel (gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, nutritionists, etc.) who care for these patients. The aim is to guide the flow of diagnostic tests based on the information provided by the patient and the clinic at the beginning, as well as to recommend the most appropriate treatment (dietary-nutritional and/or pharmacological). Conclusions: the benefit of using an algorithmic approach is that it allows optimising the diagnostic process of primary and secondary causes, and with this, to prescribe a personalised nutritional treatment considering the origin of the disorder, to alleviate the intensity and frequency of the symptoms with the least amount of dietary restrictions possible and minimise the impact on the quality of life of the patients.

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          Most cited references23

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          Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: History, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Rome IV.

          Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), the most common diagnoses in gastroenterology are recognized by morphological and physiological abnormalities that often occur in combination including motility disturbance, visceral hypersensitivity, altered mucosal and immune function, altered gut microbiota and altered central nervous system processing. Research on these gut-brain interaction disorders is based on using specific diagnostic criteria. The Rome Foundation has played a pivotal role in creating diagnostic criteria thus operationalizing the dissemination of new knowledge in the field of FGIDs. Rome IV is a compendium of the knowledge accumulated since Rome III was published 10 years ago. It improves upon Rome III by: 1) updating the basic and clinical literature, 2) offering new information on gut microenvironment, gut-brain interactions, pharmacogenomics, biopsychosocial, gender and cross cultural understandings of FGIDs, 3) reduces the use of imprecise and occassionally stigmatizing terms when possible, 4) uses updated diagnostic algorithms, 5) incorporates information on the patient illness experience, and physiological subgroups or biomarkers that might lead to more targeted treatment. This introductory article sets the stage for the remaining 17 articles that follow and offers an historical overview of the FGIDs field, differentiates FGIDs from motility and structural disorders, discusses the changes from Rome III, reviews the Rome committee process, provides a biopsychosocial pathophysiological conceptualization of FGIDs, and offers an approach to patient care.
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            Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome After Infectious Enteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

            Foodborne illness affects 15% of the US population each year, and is a risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We evaluated risk of, risk factors for, and outcomes of IBS after infectious enteritis.
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              The Prevalence and Impact of Overlapping Rome IV-Diagnosed Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders on Somatization, Quality of Life, and Healthcare Utilization: A Cross-Sectional General Population Study in Three Countries.

              The population prevalence of Rome IV-diagnosed functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and their cumulative effect on health impairment is unknown.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                October 2023
                : 40
                : 5
                : 1017-1024
                Affiliations
                [1] Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Valencia-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe orgdiv1Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición y Dietética Clínica Spain
                [5] Valencia orgnameHospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe orgdiv1Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición Spain
                [2] Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Valencia orgdiv1Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología orgdiv2Área de Parasitología Spain
                [3] Valencia orgnameFundación Lluís Alcanyís-Universidad de Valencia orgdiv1Clínica Universitaria de Nutrición, Actividad Física y Fisioterapia (CUNAFF) Spain
                [4] Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Valencia orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales orgdiv2Food & Health Lab Spain
                [6] Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Valencia orgdiv1Departamento de Medicina Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112023000600015 S0212-1611(23)04000500015
                10.20960/nh.04518
                f3ad0140-8cb5-4df5-8c11-d396554e2525

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 November 2022
                : 05 April 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajo Original

                Algoritmo,Genética,Enfermedad celiaca,Intolerancia,Lactosa,Fructosa,Algorithm,Genetics,Celiac disease,Intolerance,Lactose,Fructose

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